Dostoevsky Fyodor Mikhailovich: biography, family, creativity, interesting facts from life

Some call him a prophet, a gloomy philosopher, others - an evil genius. He himself called himself “a child of the century, a child of unbelief, doubt.” Much has been said about Dostoevsky as a writer, but his personality is surrounded by an aura of mystery. The multifaceted nature of the classic allowed him to leave his mark on the pages of history and inspire millions of people around the world. His ability to expose vices without turning away from them made the heroes so alive, and his works so full of mental suffering. Immersion in the world of Dostoevsky can be painful and difficult, but it gives birth to something new in people; this is precisely the kind of literature that educates. Dostoevsky is a phenomenon that needs to be studied long and thoughtfully. A short biography of Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky, some interesting facts from his life, and creativity will be presented to your attention in the article.

Brief biography in dates

The main task of life, as Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky wrote, is “not to become discouraged, not to fall,” despite all the trials sent from above. And he had a lot of them.

November 11, 1821 - birth. Where was Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky born? He was born in our glorious capital - Moscow. Father - staff doctor Mikhail Andreevich, the family is a believer, pious. They named it after their grandfather.

The boy began studying at a young age under the guidance of his parents; by the age of 10 he knew the history of Russia quite well; his mother taught him to read. Attention was also paid to religious education: daily prayer before bed was a family tradition.

In 1837, Fyodor Mikhailovich’s mother Maria died, and in 1839, father Mikhail.

1838 - Dostoevsky enters the Main Engineering School of St. Petersburg.

1841 - becomes an officer.

1843 – enrolled in the engineering corps. Studying was not fun, there was a strong craving for literature, the writer made his first creative experiments even then.

1847 – visit to Petrashevsky Fridays.

April 23, 1849 - Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky was arrested and imprisoned in the Peter and Paul Fortress.

On December 24th he was sent to Siberia.

From January 1850 to February 1854 – Omsk Fortress, hard labor. This period had a strong influence on the writer’s creativity and worldview.

1854–1859 – period of military service, city of Semipalatinsk.

1857 – wedding with Maria Dmitrievna Isaeva.

1859, December - return to St. Petersburg.

June 7, 1862 - the first trip abroad, where Dostoevsky stayed until October. I became interested in gambling for a long time.

1863 – love, relationship with A. Suslova.

1864 – the writer’s wife Maria and older brother Mikhail die.

1867 – marries stenographer A. Snitkina.

Until 1871 they traveled a lot outside of Russia.

1877 - spends a lot of time with Nekrasov, then makes a speech at his funeral.

1881 – Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky dies, he was 59 years old.

Omsk

On January 23, 1850, Dostoevsky arrived in Omsk. “From the highway, frost-covered troikas ran into straight Tobolskaya Street with small one-story wooden houses on the sides. And soon a large square opened up in front of those traveling - the esplanade of the Omsk fortress. All around in the distance one could see city buildings, in the middle of the square there was an old city grove with crooked, sparsely scattered birch trees and a small snow-covered station. The troikas turned to a second-class earthen fortress,” wrote Omsk local historian A.F. Palashenkov.

Dostoevsky. Source: wikipedia.org

The carriage with Dostoevsky entered the fortress and immediately turned left - towards the Omsk convict prison. The fort stood on the edge of the fortress and was located in its Steppe Bastion. Petrashevsky's prisoners Dostoevsky and Durov, who arrived at the prison, were taken to the guardhouse (guardroom), where they were immediately given a new guise as prisoners. Dostoevsky's head was shaved, he was dressed in a two-color jacket with a yellow ace on the back and covered with a soft cap. In this form he entered the convict dungeon. Like all the prisoners around him, Dostoevsky was shackled.

Dostoevsky recalled the living conditions in hard labor: “We lived in a heap, all together, in one barracks. Imagine an old, dilapidated wooden building that should have been demolished long ago and can no longer serve. In summer the stuffiness is unbearable, in winter the cold is unbearable. All the floors are rotten. The floor is dirty to an inch, you can slip and fall. The small windows are covered with frost, so that it is almost impossible to read all day long. There is an inch of ice on the glass. There are drops from the ceilings - everything is see-through. We are like sardines in a barrel... Right there in the barracks, the prisoners wash their linen and splash the entire small barracks with water. There is nowhere to turn. It is no longer possible to go out to relieve yourself from dusk until dawn, because the barracks are locked, and a tub is placed in the hallway, and therefore the stuffiness is unbearable. All convicts stink like pigs. We slept on bare bunks, only one pillow was allowed. They covered themselves with short sheepskin coats, and their legs were always bare all night. You'll tremble all night. Fleas, lice and cockroaches in fours.”

Dostoevsky went to work together with all the prisoners. They were taken to a brick factory located on the right bank down the Irtysh, three or four miles from the fortress. Work at the factory was difficult. Each prisoner had to complete a “lesson” - make 2-2.5 hundred bricks, and complete the entire preparatory cycle himself: remove and knead the clay, apply water, and then store the finished product. In a barn that stood on the deserted bank of the Irtysh, Dostoevsky burned and pounded alabaster. “Alabasterites” were sent to work early in the morning. Upon arrival, the prisoners lit the stove and placed alabaster in it. When the alabaster was completely burned, it was unloaded into boxes. Then each prisoner took his own box and crushed it with a heavy mallet. The writer got this job together with Poles convicted of participating in the liberation struggle against Russia.

Dostoevsky told his brother: “...they gave us bread and cabbage soup, which included ¼ pound of beef per person. But the beef is minced, and I have never seen it. On holidays, porridge is almost completely without oil. During Lent, cabbage with water and almost nothing else. I had an unbearable stomach upset and was sick several times.” The convicts could not live on “feed” money. Judging by the documents, 9 kopecks were assigned per day per person. Although additional work, money, and everything that could be bought with it was prohibited, they always worked in the prison, had money, tobacco and even wine. The authorities knew about this, and night searches were commonplace here. Everything prohibited was confiscated, and the culprit “was usually severely punished.”

The only opportunity for Dostoevsky to take a break from the prison barracks was a stay in the Omsk military hospital, in whose prison ward he was placed several times. It was easier and freer in the hospital than in the prison. The attitude of some of the medical staff was humane. The hospital was located outside the fortress, in Butyrsky Forstadt.

Writing in prison was prohibited, so Dostoevsky’s main creative work in Omsk was thinking about his future novels. There was an infinite amount of varied material around.

Biography in detail

The childhood of the writer Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky can be called prosperous: born into a noble family in 1821, he received an excellent home education and upbringing. My parents managed to instill a love of languages ​​(Latin, French, German) and history. After reaching the age of 16, Fedor was sent to a private boarding school. Then training continued at the St. Petersburg Military Engineering School. Dostoevsky showed interest in literature even then, visited literary salons with his brother, and tried to write himself.

As the biography of Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky testifies, 1839 claims the life of his father. Internal protest is looking for a way out, Dostoevsky begins to get acquainted with the socialists, and visits Petrashevsky’s circle. The novel "Poor People" was written under the influence of the ideas of that period. This work allowed the writer to finally finish his hated engineering service and engage in literature. From an unknown student, Dostoevsky became a successful writer until censorship intervened.

In 1849, the ideas of the Petrashevites were recognized as harmful, members of the circle were arrested and sent to hard labor. It is noteworthy that the sentence was originally death, but the last 10 minutes changed it. The Petrashevites who were already on the scaffold were pardoned, limiting their punishment to four years of hard labor. Mikhail Petrashevsky was sentenced to life hard labor. Dostoevsky was sent to Omsk.

The biography of Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky says that serving his sentence was difficult for the writer. He compares that time to being buried alive. Hard, monotonous work like firing bricks, disgusting conditions, and cold undermined Fyodor Mikhailovich’s health, but also gave him food for thought, new ideas, and themes for creativity.

After serving his sentence, Dostoevsky served in Semipalatinsk, where his only joy was his first love - Maria Dmitrievna Isaeva. This relationship was tender, somewhat reminiscent of the relationship between a mother and her son. The only thing that stopped the writer from proposing to a woman was the fact that she had a husband. A little later he died. In 1857, Dostoevsky finally wooed Maria Isaeva, and they got married. After marriage, the relationship changed somewhat; the writer himself speaks of them as “unhappy.”

1859 - return to St. Petersburg. Dostoevsky writes again, opens the magazine “Time” with his brother. Brother Mikhail runs his business ineptly, gets into debt, and dies. Fyodor Mikhailovich has to deal with debts. He has to write quickly to be able to pay off all the accumulated debts. But even in such a hurry, the most complex works of Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky were created.

In 1860, Dostoevsky falls in love with the young Apollinaria Suslova, who is completely different from his wife Maria. The relationship was also different - passionate, vibrant, lasted three years. At the same time, Fyodor Mikhailovich became interested in playing roulette and lost a lot. This period of life is reflected in the novel “The Player”.

1864 claimed the lives of his brother and wife. It was as if something had broken in the writer Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky. Relations with Suslova are fading, the writer feels lost, alone in the world. He tries to escape from himself abroad, to distract himself, but the melancholy does not leave him. Epileptic seizures become more frequent. This is how Anna Snitkina, a young stenographer, recognized and fell in love with Dostoevsky. The man shared his life story with the girl; he needed to talk it out. Gradually they became close, although the age difference was 24 years. Anna accepted Dostoevsky’s offer to marry him sincerely, because Fyodor Mikhailovich aroused the brightest, most enthusiastic feelings in her. The marriage was perceived negatively by society, Dostoevsky's adopted son Pavel. The newlyweds are leaving for Germany.

The relationship with Snitkina had a beneficial effect on the writer: he got rid of his addiction to roulette and became calmer. In 1868, Sophia is born, but dies three months later. After a difficult period of common experiences, Anna and Fyodor Mikhailovich continue to try to conceive a child. They succeed: Lyubov (1869), Fedor (1871) and Alexey (1875) are born. Alexey inherited the disease from his father and died at the age of three. His wife became for Fyodor Mikhailovich support and support, a spiritual outlet. In addition, it helped improve my financial situation. The family moves to Staraya Russa to escape the nervous life in St. Petersburg. Thanks to Anna, a girl wise beyond her years, Fyodor Mikhailovich becomes happy, at least for a short time. Here they spend their time happily and serenely, until Dostoevsky’s health forces them to return to the capital.

In 1881 the writer dies.

Youth

Having entered engineering school, Dostoevsky did not give up his dreams of writing. He devoted his free time entirely to getting acquainted with domestic and foreign literature, and also made his first attempts at writing. In 1838, thanks to the interest in this field of art kindled among his comrades, a literary circle was created.

The year 1839 brought a new shock to the young man’s life: his father died. According to the official version, he was struck down by apoplexy, but the news reached his sons that he had fallen victim to the massacre of peasants who were taking revenge for “cruel treatment.” This deeply affected Fedor; he will never forget this grief mixed with shame.

Dostoevsky completed his studies in 1843 and immediately received the position of field engineer-second lieutenant. However, the dream of devoting himself to art did not leave the young man, so he served for no more than a year. After his resignation, Fyodor Mikhailovich decided to try to arrange his debut works in print.

Dostoevsky tried to brighten up his student days with work on plays and stories of his own composition, as well as translations of foreign authors. The first experiments were lost, the second were often unfinished. So his debut was “Poor People” (1845). The work was so significant in his life that we recommend that you read the analysis of this novel . The manuscript was highly appreciated even by seasoned writers Nekrasov and Belinsky. The famous and venerable critic saw in the author a “new Gogol.” The novel was published in Nekrasov’s “Petersburg Collection” of 1846.

The author's further creative path was not understood by his contemporaries at the time. The next novel, “The Double” (1845-1846), was considered by many to be a very weak work. The type of “underground man” discovered by Dostoevsky was not immediately recognized. Belinsky was disappointed in the talent of the young writer. The newfound fame temporarily faded, and was even secretly ridiculed by some.

Carrot or stick: how Fyodor Mikhailovich raised children

The indisputability of his father's authority was the basis of Dostoevsky's upbringing, which passed into his own family. Decency, responsibility - the writer managed to invest these qualities in his children. Even if they did not grow up to be the same geniuses as their father, some craving for literature existed in each of them.

The writer considered the main mistakes of education:

• ignoring the child’s inner world;
• intrusive attention;
• bias.

He called the suppression of individuality, cruelty, and making life easier as a crime against a child. Dostoevsky considered the main tool of education not corporal punishment, but parental love. He himself incredibly loved his children and was very worried about their illnesses and losses.

An important place in a child’s life, as Fyodor Mikhailovich believed, should be given to spiritual light and religion. The writer rightly believed that a child always takes an example from the family where he was born. Dostoevsky's educational measures were based on intuition.

Literary evenings were a good tradition in the family of Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky. These evening readings of literary masterpieces were traditional in the author’s childhood. Often, Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky’s children fell asleep and did not understand anything they read, but he continued to cultivate literary taste. Often the writer read with such feeling that he began to cry in the process. I loved to hear what impression this or that novel made on children.

Another educational element is visiting the theater. Opera was preferred.

Characteristic

Contemporaries noted the inconsistency of the writer’s character; he had an extraordinary psychotype. Gentleness and kindness were mixed with hot temper and self-criticism. It is noteworthy that the first impression of a meeting with Dostoevsky almost always became disappointing: his discreet appearance ensured that all the interesting qualities and personality traits of this creator began to appear later, with the appearance of a certain degree of trust in the interlocutor. On the inconsistency of the appearance and soul of the writer Vsevolod Sergeevich Solovyov:

In front of me was a man with an ugly and at first glance simple face. But this was only the first and instant impression - this face was immediately and forever imprinted in memory, it bore the imprint of an exceptional, spiritual life.

Our hero gave himself a unique description, speaking of him as a person “with a tender heart, but unable to express his feelings.” All his life he judged himself harshly for his shortcomings and complained about his hot temper. He was best able to express his feelings on paper, namely in his works.

Dostoevsky’s friend Dr. Riesenkampf said this about the writer: “Fyodor Mikhailovich belonged to those individuals around whom everyone lives well, but who themselves are constantly in need.” Incredible kindness, as well as inability to handle money, constantly pushed the writer to unforeseen expenses as a result of the desire to help all the poor people he met, petitioners, and to provide the best conditions for the servants.

Dostoevsky's gentleness and loving heart were most evident in his attitude towards children, whom he adored. Before the appearance of his own offspring in the family, all the writer’s attention was paid to his nephews. Anna Grigorievna talked about her husband’s unique ability to instantly calm the child, the ability to communicate with them, gain trust, and share interests. The birth of Sophia (the first daughter from her second marriage) had a beneficial effect on the atmosphere in the Dostoevsky family. Fyodor Mikhailovich always arrived in the best mood when he was next to the girl, and was extremely ready to bestow care and affection on everyone around him, which in general is difficult to attribute to his constant state. His relationships with women were not always smooth sailing. His passions noted periodic changes in mood and frequent criticism of them.

The writer’s friends also noted his quarrelsomeness and high demands on people from his social circle. This pushed him all his life to seek relationships close to ideal, in order to create a family with his chosen one, which would become the stronghold of their harmonious existence.

Lyubov Dostoevskaya

Lyubov Fedorovna's attempts to become a writer were unsuccessful. Maybe the reason was that her work was always inevitably compared with her father’s brilliant novels, maybe she was writing about the wrong things. As a result, the main work of her life was a description of her father’s biography.

The girl who lost him at the age of 11 was very afraid that in the next world Fyodor Mikhailovich’s sins would not be forgiven. She believed that life continues after death, but here on earth one must seek happiness. For Dostoevsky’s daughter, it consisted primarily in a clear conscience.

Lyubov Fedorovna lived to be 56 years old and spent the last few years in sunny Italy. She was probably happier there than at home.

Fedor Dostoevsky

Fedor Fedorovich became a horse breeder. The boy began to show interest in horses as a child. I tried to create literary works, but it didn’t work out. He was vain and strived to achieve success in life; he inherited these qualities from his grandfather. If Fedor Fedorovich was not sure that he could be the first in something, he preferred not to do it, his pride was so pronounced. He was nervous and withdrawn, wasteful, prone to excitement, like his father.

Fedor lost his father at the age of 9, but he managed to invest the best qualities in him. His father's upbringing helped him greatly in life; he received a good education. He achieved great success in his business, perhaps because he loved what he did.

Philosophy

Dostoevsky's worldview underwent serious changes throughout the writer's life. For example, political orientation was subject to revision and was formed gradually. Only the religiosity nurtured in the writer as a child grew stronger and developed; he never doubted his faith. We can say that Dostoevsky's philosophy is based on Orthodoxy.

Socialist illusions were debunked by Dostoevsky himself in the 60s; he developed a critical attitude towards them, perhaps because they were the reason for his arrest. Traveling around Europe inspired him to think about the bourgeois revolution. He saw that it did not help the common people in any way, and as a result, he developed an irreconcilable hostility towards the possibility of its accomplishment in Russia. Soil ideas, which he picked up during his work with Apollo Grigoriev in magazines, partly served as the basis for Dostoevsky’s later worldview. The awareness of the need to merge the elite with the common people, ascribing to the latter a mission to save the world from harmful ideas, returning to the bosom of nature and religion - all these ideas appealed to the writer. He felt his era as a turning point. The country was preparing for shocks and a reshaping of reality. The writer sincerely hoped that people would follow the path of self-improvement, and the new time would be marked by the degeneration of society.

There was a process to isolate the very essence, the quintessence of Russian national consciousness, the “Russian idea” - a name proposed by the author himself. For Dostoevsky, it is closely connected with religious philosophy. Arseny Vladimirovich Gulyga (Soviet philosopher, historian of philosophy and literary critic) explained Dostoevsky’s pochvenism this way: this is a call for a return to the national, this is patriotism based on moral values.

For Dostoevsky, this idea of ​​free will, inseparably linked with an unshakable moral law, became fundamental in his work, especially in his later works. The writer considered man a mystery; he tried to penetrate into his spiritual nature, throughout his life he strove to find the path to his moral development.

On June 8, 1880, at a meeting of the Society of Lovers of Russian Literature, the author read “Pushkin’s Speech,” which reveals to the reader his true views and judgments, as well as the essence of life, according to Dostoevsky. It was this poet that the author considered the true national character. In the poetry of Alexander Sergeevich, the writer saw the path of the fatherland and the Russian people prophetically outlined. Then he brought out his main idea: transformation should be accomplished not through changing external factors and conditions, but through internal self-improvement.

Of course, according to Dostoevsky, the main help on this path is religion. Mikhail Mikhailovich Bakhtin said that the “noise” created by the polyphony of characters in the writer’s novels is covered by one voice - that of God, whose word comes from the author’s soul. At the end of “Pushkin’s Speech” it is said that to be Russian means...

To strive to bring reconciliation to European contradictions completely, to indicate the outcome of European melancholy in our Russian soul, all-human and reuniting, to accommodate all our brothers with brotherly love, and in the end, perhaps, to utter the final word of great, common harmony, brotherly final agreement of all tribes according to Christ's gospel law!

Creative path in dates

The beginning of Dostoevsky's creative career was bright; he wrote in many genres.

Genres of the early period of creativity of Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky:

• humorous story;
• physiological essay;
• tragicomic story;
• Christmas story;
• story;
• novel.

In 1840–1841 - the creation of historical dramas “Mary Stuart”, “Boris Godunov”.

1844 – translation of Balzac’s “Eugenie Grande” is published.

1845 – finished the story “Poor People”, met Belinsky and Nekrasov.

1846 – “The Petersburg Collection” was published, “Poor People” were published.

“The Double” was published in February, and “Mr. Prokharchin” was published in October.

In 1847, Dostoevsky wrote “The Mistress” and published it in the “St. Petersburg Gazette”.

“White Nights” was written in December 1848, and “Netochka Nezvanova” in 1849.

1854-1859 – service in Semipalatinsk, “Uncle’s Dream”, “The Village of Stepanchikovo and its Inhabitants”.

In 1860, a fragment of “Notes of the Dead House” was published in Russkiy Mir. The first collected works were published.

1861 – the beginning of the publication of the magazine “Time”, the printing of part of the novel “Humiliated and Insulted”, “Notes from the House of the Dead”.

In 1863, “Winter Notes on Summer Impressions” were created.

May of the same year – the magazine “Time” was closed.

1864 – the beginning of publication of the magazine “Epoch”. "Notes from the Underground".

1865 - “An Extraordinary Event, or Passage in Passage” is published in Krokodil.

1866 – written by Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky “Crime and Punishment”, “The Gambler”. Traveling abroad with family. "Idiot".

In 1870, Dostoevsky wrote the story “The Eternal Husband.”

1871-1872 - “Demons.”

1875 – “Teenager” was published in “Notes of the Fatherland”.

1876 ​​– resumption of activity of the “Diary of a Writer”.

From 1879 to 1880, The Brothers Karamazov was written.

Meaning

Dostoevsky did not study philosophy and did not consider his works to be vehicles of corresponding ideas. But decades after the end of his creative activity, researchers began to talk about the formulation of universal questions and the complexity of the matters raised in the texts issued by the writer. The writer really gained the reputation of a preacher, an expert on the human soul. Therefore, his novels are still on the lists of the most popular and sought-after works around the world. For a modern writer, it is considered a great merit to earn comparison with this Russian genius. Reading such literature is part of belonging to intellectual circles, because Dostoevsky has become to a certain extent a brand, signifying the exclusivity of the taste of those who give preference to him. The Japanese especially like the work of Fyodor Mikhailovich: Kobo Abe, Yukio Mishima, and Haruki Murakami recognized him as their favorite writer.

The famous psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud noted the phenomenal depth of the works of the Russian author and their value for science. He also sought to look deeply into the consciousness of an individual, to study the patterns and features of his work. They both revealed and dissected the inner world of man in a complex way: with all its noble thoughts and base desires.

Author: Polina Matveyuk
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Places in St. Petersburg

The city preserves the spirit of the writer; many of Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky’s books were written here.

1. Dostoevsky studied at the Engineering Mikhailovsky Castle.
2. The Serapinskaya Hotel on Moskovsky Prospekt became the writer’s place of residence in 1837; he lived here, seeing St. Petersburg for the first time in his life.
3. “Poor People” was written in the house of the postal director Pryanichnikov.
4. “Mr. Prokharchin” was created in Kochenderfer’s house on Kazanskaya Street.
5. Fyodor Mikhailovich lived in Soloshich’s apartment building on Vasilyevsky Island in the 1840s.
6. The Kotomina apartment building introduced Dostoevsky to Petrashevsky.
7. The writer lived on Voznesensky Prospekt during his arrest and wrote “White Nights”, “Honest Thief” and other stories.
8. “Notes from the House of the Dead”, “Humiliated and Insulted” were written on 3rd Krasnoarmeyskaya Street.
9. The writer lived in the house of A. Astafieva in 1861-1863.
10. In the Strubinsky house on Grechesky Avenue - from 1875 to 1878.

Symbolism of Dostoevsky

You can analyze the books of Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky endlessly, finding new and new symbols. Dostoevsky mastered the art of penetrating into the essence of things, their soul. It is precisely the ability to unravel these symbols one by one that makes traveling through the pages of novels so exciting.

• Axe.

This symbol carries a deadly meaning, being a kind of emblem of Dostoevsky’s work. The ax symbolizes murder, crime, a decisive, desperate step, a turning point. If a person says the word “axe,” most likely the first thing that comes to mind is “Crime and Punishment” by Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky.

• Clean linen.

His appearance in novels occurs at certain similar moments, which allows us to talk about symbolism. For example, Raskolnikov was prevented from committing a murder by a maid hanging out clean laundry. Ivan Karamazov had a similar situation. It is not so much the linen itself that is symbolic, but its color - white, denoting purity, correctness, purity.

• Smells.

It is enough to glance over any of Dostoevsky’s novels to understand how important smells are to him. One of them, which occurs more often than others, is the smell of a corruptive spirit.

• Silver pledge.

One of the most important symbols. The silver cigarette case was not made of silver at all. A motive of falsity, counterfeitness, and suspicion appears. Raskolnikov, having made a cigarette case out of wood, similar to a silver one, as if he had already committed a deception, a crime.

• The sound of a brass bell.

The symbol plays a warning role. A small detail makes the reader feel the mood of the hero and imagine events more vividly. Small objects are endowed with strange, unusual features, emphasizing the exceptionality of the circumstances.

• Wood and iron.

There are many things from these materials in the novels, each of them carries a certain meaning. If wood symbolizes man, sacrifice, bodily torment, then iron symbolizes crime, murder, evil.

Interesting Facts

Finally, I would like to note some interesting facts from the life of Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky.

1. Dostoevsky wrote most of all in the last 10 years of his life.
2. Dostoevsky loved sex, used the services of prostitutes, even while married.
3. Nietzsche called Dostoevsky the best psychologist.
4. He smoked a lot and loved strong tea.
5. He was jealous of his women at every post, and forbade them even to smile in public.
6. He worked more often at night.
7. The hero of the novel “The Idiot” is a self-portrait of the writer.
8. There are many film adaptations of Dostoevsky’s works, as well as those dedicated to him.
9. Fyodor Mikhailovich had his first child at the age of 46.
10. Leonardo DiCaprio also celebrates his birthday on November 11th.
11. More than 30,000 people came to the writer's funeral.
12. Sigmund Freud considered Dostoevsky's The Brothers Karamazov to be the greatest novel ever written.

We also present to your attention famous quotes from Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky:

1. You must love life more than the meaning of life.
2. Freedom is not about not being restrained, but about being in control.
3. In everything there is a line beyond which it is dangerous to cross; for once you have stepped over, it is impossible to go back.
4. Happiness is not in happiness, but only in its achievement.
5. No one will make the first move, because everyone thinks that it is not mutual.
6. The Russian people seem to enjoy their suffering.
7. Life goes breathless without an aim.
8. To stop reading books means to stop thinking.
9. There is no happiness in comfort; happiness is bought through suffering.
10. In a truly loving heart, either jealousy kills love, or love kills jealousy.

Shot - for writing and telling a story?

The Petrashevites were kept in the Peter and Paul Fortress in solitary confinement, which affected Dostoevsky: he was tormented by nightmares, at times the floor floated from under his feet, swayed - all this He described it in letters to his brother Mikhail. But what exactly was the young writer accused of?

The III department accused the future classic of being present at the circle’s meetings, with intentions to abolish serfdom and censorship; The court decision stated: “... Lieutenant Dostoyevsky, for failure to report the dissemination of a criminal letter about religion and government by the writer Belinsky and the malicious writing of Lieutenant G Rigoryev, deprive... of ranks... and subject to death penalty.”

What kind of works are these for which execution was due?

About Belinsky’s letter, Dostoevsky said that he inadvertently made a promise to Petrashevsky to read the letter in front of everyone, and he had to do this in order to keep his word. He saw the letter itself among the “correspondence sent to him between Belinsky and Gogol.”