Ivan Sergeevich Shmelev - interesting facts from life and biography

Ivan Sergeevich Shmelev
(1873 - 1950), Russian writer. Born on October 3, 1873 in Moscow into a deeply Orthodox, patriarchal merchant family. The writer’s father, Sergei Ivanovich (+ 1880), built ice mountains, illuminations, drove rafts along the Moscow River, maintained baths, bathhouses, and port washrooms.

Childhood spent in Zamoskvorechye, in a patriarchal family, among merchants and bourgeois people, became the main source of Shmelev’s creativity:

«
Here, in the courtyard, I saw the people... Here I felt love and respect for this people, who could do anything... Our courtyard for me was the first school of life - the most important and wise. There were thousands of impulses for thought here. And everything that warmly beats in my soul, makes me regret and be indignant, think and feel, I received from hundreds of ordinary people with calloused hands and eyes that were kind to me, a child.
».

After graduating from high school, Shmelev entered the law faculty of Moscow University in 1894, attended lectures by K. Timiryazev, V. Klyuchevsky, A. Veselovsky. After graduating from the University, from 1898 to 1907 he served as an assistant attorney in Moscow and an official on special assignments in Vladimir-on-Klyazma. In 1907, Ivan Shmelev left the service, completely devoting himself to literary creativity.

In October 1895, he married Olga Okhterlony (1875-1936), the daughter of General Alexander Okhterlony, hero of the defense of Sevastopol. Despite a patriarchal merchant upbringing, with customs and culture based on Orthodox traditions, before the wedding, Ivan writes to his bride: “ I, Olya, need to pray even more.
After all, you know what an atheist I am .” It was thanks to the influence of his devout wife Olga on Ivan Shmelev that the future writer on a conscious level returned to his roots - the Orthodox faith, for which he was grateful to his wife all his life. On January 6, 1896, their only and beloved son, Sergei (+ 1821), was born into their family.

Before emigration

Travel to Valaam

In August 1895, a law student at Moscow University, Shmelev, at the request of his bride Olga, chose the ancient Valaam Monastery as the place for their honeymoon. Memories of the trip:

«And so we decided to go on a honeymoon. But – where?... St. Petersburg? ...Ladoga, Valaam Monastery?.. should I go there? I had already staggered from the Church; I was, if not an atheist, then nothing at all. I read Buckle, Darwin, Sechenov, Letourneau with enthusiasm... I had an insatiable thirst to “know”... this knowledge led me away from the most important knowledge - from the source of Knowledge, from the Church. And in some kind of semi-godless mood, and even on a joyful journey, on a honeymoon, I was drawn... to the monasteries!

»

Shmelev received a blessing for his honeymoon from Elder Barnabas of Gethsemane in the Trinity-Sergius Lavra. Rev. Barnabas, foreseeing his talent as a writer, also blessed him this way: “ ...you will exalt yourself with your talent

».

The writer’s first book “On the Rocks of Valaam. Beyond the world. Travel Stories"

was detained by order of the Chief Prosecutor of the Synod K. Pobedonostsev.
The subsequent sale of the unsold edition, disfigured by censorship, to a second-hand bookseller for a pittance turned the young author away from literature for a long time. 40 years later, Shmelev created a new edition of this story called “Old Valaam”
(Paris, 1935).

Fame. Revolution. Departure.

Before his resignation in 1907, Shmelev wrote a number of stories devoted to social themes (“Sergeant,” “On a Urgent Business,” “Disintegration,” 1906; “Ivan Kuzmich,” “Citizen Ukleikin,” 1907). For Shmelev’s heroes, the revolution is a cleansing force; under its influence they realize a new truth. Published in Russian Thought and Children's Reading. Having received his resignation in 1907, he settled in Moscow, participated in N. Teleshov’s “environments”, in 1910 he joined the Knowledge Association and, despite the beginning of the stratification of writers with a democratic orientation, he remained a typical “knowledge member”.

Shmelev’s story “The Man from the Restaurant,”

(1910). Critics compared its appearance with the debut of F. Dostoevsky, but, continuing the tradition of “poor people,” the story, with all its socially accusatory sound, also carried a new pathos of consolation that the offended soul of the waiter Skorokhodov found in faith. According to legend, this story saved Shmelev from death: in 1920, as a reserve officer in the tsarist army, he was awaiting execution, but the commissar recognized him as the author of the story about the waiter and released him. The work was filmed in the USSR in 1927 (directed by Y. Protazanov, starring M. Chekhov, V. Malinovskaya, I. Koval-Samborsky).

Shmelev, who lived at that time on a Kaluga estate, responded to the events of the First World War with a collection of stories “Harsh Days”

;
the rejection of war as the self-destruction of brutalized people was also expressed in the story “It Was
.

I.S. Shmelev warmly welcomed the February Revolution, spoke at rallies, met liberated political prisoners in Siberia as a correspondent for Russkie Vedomosti, and collaborated with the newspaper Power of the People. However, reflections on the beginning of the reconstruction of society led Shmelev to the idea that it would not be understood by the dark, inert mass of the people.

He did not accept the October Revolution, but at first he did not lose optimism. 11/17/1917 Shmelev wrote:

«Destruction and chaos, everywhere you look... Well, life is dying? It is born... but we don’t see it clearly with our old eyes... There is no death for the Great Country

».

In 1918 Shmelev came to Crimea to visit S.N. Sergeev-Tsensky. Then in Alushta the writer bought a small dacha on the mountain, overlooking the sea; as he said, “an adobe house with 2 rooms.” In this Black Sea paradise, years passed that became some of the most tragic in the life of the Shmelevs. It was so bad here that “the sea is not the sea, and the sun is not the sun.”

In January 1921, after his three-month stay in prison cellars, the writer's son Sergei Shmelev, along with forty thousand other participants in the White Movement, was shot.
Despite the amnesty he declared, without trial or investigation... Ivan Sergeevich did not know about this for a long time, he looked for his son, went to the offices of officials, sent requests, and in letters begged Lunacharsky for help: “ Without my only son, I will die. I can’t, I don’t want to live... They took my heart. I can only cry helplessly. Help, or I will die. I ask you, I scream with my cry - help me get my son back. He is pure, straight, he is my only one, he is not guilty of anything

».

Having already learned about the execution, Ivan Sergeevich asked to find and hand over his son’s body: “ I want to know where the remains of my son are so that I can bury them. It is my right. Help

».

Grief radically changed the writer's life. Realizing that nothing more can be learned about the death of their son, the Shmelevs are looking for an opportunity to leave Crimea for Moscow.

Arriving in Moscow, the Shmelevs began to bother about leaving the country:

«I need to move away from Russia to see her whole face, and not the pits, not the pockmarks, not the spots, not the scratches, not the grimaces on her beautiful face. I believe that her face is still beautiful. I have to remember him. Like a lover while away, he suddenly remembers something incomprehensibly beautiful that he never noticed in constant communication. We need to move away

».

At the invitation of Bunin in 1922, the Shmelevs went first to Berlin, then to Paris.

After everything he had experienced, Shmelev lost weight and aged beyond recognition. From a straight, always lively and vigorous man he turned into a bent, gray-haired old man. His voice became dull and quiet. From contemplation, deep wrinkles appeared on the face, sad gray eyes went out and sunk deeply.

«I've lost everything. All. I have lost God and what kind of writer am I now if I have even lost God. Whether with a capital or a small letter - God (God) - the writer needs him, he is necessary. An attitude based on one or another religious basis is a condition without which there is no creativity

».

Shmelev's childhood

Ivan Shmelev was born into a wealthy family, but his childhood was overshadowed by the sudden death of his father and a cold relationship with his mother. The early years of his life played an important role in the development of the future writer and largely determined his worldview.

Origin and birth

Ivan Shmelev was born on September 21 (October 3), 1873 in the Kadashevskaya settlement of Zamoskvorechye into a family of merchants. Family members adhered to the Old Believers and tried to observe high spiritual principles.

Writer's family

Ivan Shmelev was born into an ordinary family:

1. My grandfather was a peasant from the province of Moscow province, he loved French novels and historical works.
2. Father, Sergei Ivanovich, owner of an artel of carpenters, several baths, and swimming pools.
3. Mother, Evlampia Savinova, the daughter of a merchant, instilled in her son a love of Russian literature. With her help, the boy received his primary education.

The future writer only developed a warm relationship with his father. Mom was strict and cold with the children, spanking them for their offenses. The boy spent a lot of time with the workers of the artel and his devout teacher, former carpenter Mikhail Pankratovich Gorkin. It is believed that it was communication with simple masters that influenced the writer’s worldview.

His beloved father died tragically in a fall from a horse when Ivan was only 7 years old. The mother was left alone with six children. The family lived on income from bathhouses and renting out part of the house.

Education

When the boy was 10 years old, he entered the gymnasium. Studying was difficult for the child due to strict rules and conflicts with teachers. I had to change my place of study. In 1894, Ivan Shmelev graduated from the 6th Moscow Gymnasium. Already during this period he tried to write short essays and sketches. For his creativity he received A's with pluses from his teacher Fyodor Tsvetaev, Marina Tsvetaeva's uncle. The teenager was greatly impressed by Pushkin’s work.

Ivan also loved to read works:

• L.N. Tolstoy;
• N.V. Gogol;
• I.S. Turgenev;
• N.S. Leskova;
• V.G. Korolenko.

In exile

"Sun of the Dead"

The summer of 1923 was spent with I. Bunin in Grasse, where Shmelev was finishing the epic “The Sun of the Dead”

, the most, according to A. Amfiteatrov, “
a terrible book written in Russian
,” about the Bolshevik terror and famine in Crimea.
Shmelev did not talk about his personal grief, but T. Mann, G. Hauptmann, R. Kipling, R. Rolland felt the universal resonance of the book. This is “ a nightmarish document of the era, shrouded in poetic brilliance
,” “
read it if you have the courage
,” wrote T. Mann. The book was first published in 1923 in Paris and subsequently translated into 13 languages. But, perhaps, the prose writer Ivan Lukash most insightfully expressed his opinion about “The Sun of the Dead”:

“This wonderful book was published and poured out like a revelation throughout Europe, feverishly being translated into “major” languages... I read it after midnight, gasping for breath.

What is the book by I. S. Shmelev about?

About the death of the Russian man and the Russian land.

About the death of Russian grasses and animals, Russian gardens and the Russian sky.

About the death of the Russian sun.

About the death of the entire universe - when Russia died - about the dead sun of the dead...”

After the publication of this novel, it was no longer possible to return to Russia. “ We live out our days in a luxurious, foreign country. Everything is foreign. There is no dear soul, but there is a lot of politeness...

“- Shmelev wrote about his life in Paris in a letter to Kuprin.

The collections of stories and essays “About an Old Woman” are permeated with the feeling of loss of homeland and the light of memories. New stories about Russia”, “The miracle of the steppes, fairy tales”, “The light of reason. New stories about Russia”, “Entry to Paris. Stories about foreign Russia”, “Native. About our Russia. Memories, stories”, “Nanny from Moscow”.

Shmelev's works appeared in the newspapers "Vozrozhdenie", "Rul", "Segodnya", "Last News", "For Freedom", in the magazines "Russian Thought", "Window", "Illustrated Russia", the most significant - in "Modern Notes" "("About an old woman", "On the stumps"; novels "Love Story"; "Soldiers"). In 1927 and 1928, two collections, which included mainly Shmelev’s pre-revolutionary works, were published in the USSR.

"Summer of the Lord" and "Politics"

Ivan Sergeevich learned with pain about the destruction of Moscow shrines, about the renaming of Moscow streets and squares. But all the more vividly and carefully did he strive to preserve in his works what he remembered and loved more than anything in the world.

The writer found both his reader—a believing Russian exile—and his critic. The most profound and subtle reading of Shmelev was given by I. Ilyin:

“Shmelev is first and foremost a Russian poet in the structure of his artistic act, his content, his creativity. At the same time, he is the singer of Russia, the depicter of the Russian historical, established mental and spiritual way of life, and what he paints is the Russian man and the Russian people - in his rise, in his strength and weakness, in his tenderness and in his damnation . This is a Russian artist writing about Russian nature"

;
his images “reveal that artistic and subject depth that gave Shmelev access to almost all national literatures...”

Ilyin’s characterization relates primarily to the work “The Summer of the Lord”
(first chapters - 1927, part 1. 1933, complete edition 1948). In accordance with the church calendar, Shmelev recreated in it the unchanging circle of existence of “Holy Rus'”: the daily life of a large merchant house and workers who revere this house as their own, religious and family holidays, religious processions, Maslenitsa and Lent, pilgrimage to the Holy Trinity... The thirst for righteousness, according to Shmelev, is a fundamental feature of all Russian everyday life.

Strengthened in his faith by the miracle of healing in 1934 from a severe peptic ulcer through the prayers of St. Seraphim of Sarov, Shmelev devotes all his strength and talent to “notifying” people about the truth of the Orthodox faith.

Despite all the hardships, the emigrant life of the Shmelevs in Paris still resembled the life of old Russia with the annual cycle of Orthodox holidays, with many fasts, rituals, with all the beauty and harmony of the way of Russian life.

At the same time, Shmelev worked on the book “Politics”

(1935, 1948) - about the spiritual attraction of the main Russian shrine, the monastery of the Life-Giving Trinity in Sergiev Posad. Shmelev shows a special Rus': the circle of everyday life of a Russian person outlined by Orthodoxy is protective for the soul, the entire existence of Russia is “taken by the spirit” (I. Ilyin). The language of the book is Moscow dialect, multi-colored, figurative, rich in metaphors, with church and folk poetic symbolism.

"Heavenly Paths"

In “The Ways of Heaven,” in his last unfinished novel, the writer sets out in artistic form the patristic teachings, describing the practice of daily struggle with temptations, as well as prayer and repentance. Ivan Shmelev planned to create a series of books “Heavenly Paths”. In them, he wanted to describe the history and life of Optina Hermitage, since according to his plan, one of the heroes was going to become an inhabitant of this monastery.

To critics, the work seemed to be a decline in Shmelev’s creative talent; he was reproached for sentimentality, lubokism, and religious mysticism. In it, Shmelev abandons the form of a fairy tale narrative, colorful metaphorical speech, and any symbolism not related to its main theme - the atonement of sin through self-sacrifice.

Attitudes towards Europe and political views

The religiously minded Shmelev, internally striving for the “invisible” and “people’s” Russia, was burdened by “Europeanism.”

“Happy are the writers with a strong soul,

— Shmelev wrote to V.F. Zeeler on February 10, 1930. “
And I have it all wounded, all torn through.”
I have no air, I am a stranger here, in this terrible, noisy Europe. She holes me even more, pushes me away from mine. Even if you run into the desert - to Mount Athos - look for God, peace, peace of mind . [1]

Shmelev did not accept Europe also because in the 1920s and 1930s. in France and other countries the spirit of “leftism” has noticeably increased; the passion for “socialism” that gripped a significant part of the Western intelligentsia led to political recognition of Soviet Russia and often to reconciliation with what was happening in it. In his programmatic article “The Soul of the Motherland” [2], Shmelev supported the alien “democrat” Miliukov, who condemned the Human Rights League for recognizing Bolshevism.

Shmelev also worked in the magazine “Russian Bell” by Ivan Ilyin, one of the few publications in the Russian emigration that had a patriotic and Orthodox slant. It was especially captured in the late 1920s. program of the Russian spiritual Renaissance, which I.A. Ilyin tried to develop in his speeches in the magazine, and was inclined to see in him a national spiritual leader.

“...You can ignite young (and old) souls,

- Shmelev wrote enthusiastically to I.A. Ilyin on September 24, 1927 from Capbreton, -
[...] Well, I’ll sing along too.
Look, look for helpers! We must create an Order, a Union of Russian Builders! Yes, Russian masons (not Masons, damn it, but zealots!). Exactly - the Holy Union is needed! […] Think about this! This is what you live for, I feel it. And this will not be fascism, but a Russian spiritual squad. The goal is limitless and high - up to God! In the name of Her, Russia" [3]

During the war, Shmelev, one of the few Russian emigrants, remained in occupied Paris and published several articles in the pro-German Parisian Bulletin, thereby incurring accusations of collaboration.

Last will

On June 24, 1950, Shmelev moved to the monastery of the Intercession of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Bussy-en-Haute, 140 kilometers from Paris. On the same day, a heart attack ended his life. The nun Mother Theodosia, who was present at the death of Ivan Sergeevich, wrote: “ ... a man came to die at the feet of the Queen of Heaven under her protection
.”

Ivan Sergeevich Shmelev wrote: “Yes, I myself want to die in Moscow and be buried in the Donskoye cemetery, keep in mind. On Donskoy! In my district. That is, if I die, and you are alive, and no one of mine is alive, sell my pants, my books, and take me to Moscow.”

.

The dream of the Orthodox writer, native Muscovite Ivan Shmelev came true: on May 30, 2000, his ashes found peace in his native Moscow, in the cemetery of the Donskoy Monastery next to his father’s grave. Before the burial of the remains of Ivan Shmelev and his wife Olga Alexandrovna, Patriarch of Moscow and All Rus' Alexy II served a memorial service.

In April 2000, Shmelev’s great-nephew Yves Zhantiyom-Kutyrin donated the archive of Ivan Sergeevich Shmelev to the Russian Cultural Foundation.

The monument-bust of the Orthodox writer Shmelev was solemnly opened on May 29, 2000 in the old capital district of Zamoskvorechye, where he spent his childhood.

Writer's wife

He married early at the age of 18 to Olga Alexandrovna Okhterloni . She was from the old Scottish family of Stuarts in the male line. Her grandfathers served as generals. The future wife studied at the St. Petersburg Patriotic Institute, where all girls from military families studied. Olga’s parents rented an apartment in the Shmelevsky house, where the young people met during the holidays. They lived in marriage for 41 years. The wife died in exile, not having lived long after the death of her son.

After visiting the holy island of Baalam, the first work was written.

Works

• On the rocks of Valaam, 1897
• On urgent business, 1906
• Sergeant, 1906
• Decay, 1906
• Ivan Kuzmich, 1907
• Under the mountains, 1907
• Citizen Ukleikin, 1907
• In the hole, 1909
• Under the sky, 1910
• Molasses, 1911
• Restaurant Man, 1911
• Grapes, 1913
• Carousel, 1916
• Harsh days, 1917
• Hidden Face, 1917
• Inexhaustible Chalice, 1918
• Steppe miracle, 1919
• It was 1919
• Sun of the Dead, 1923
• How We Flew, 1923
• Stone Age, 1924
• On the stumps, 1925
• About an old woman, 1925
• Entry into Paris, 1925
• Soldiers, 1925
• Light of Reason, 1926
• Love story, 1927
• Napoleon, 1928
• Bogomolye, 1931
• Stories (Funny Adventure, Moscow, Martyn and Kinga, Tsar's Golden, An Unprecedented Lunch, Russian Song), 1933
• Summer of the Lord, 1933-1948
• Native, 1935
• Old Valaam, 1935
• Nanny from Moscow, 1936
• Foreigner, 1938
• My Mars, 1938
• Christmas in Moscow, Story of a business man, 1942-1945
• Heavenly ways, 1948

Novels

The pinnacle of Shmelev's creativity are novels: in them the author raises deep philosophical problems.

Popular Novels:

1. "Summer of the Lord". An autobiographical novel about work and life, the festivities of peasants and merchants of the late 19th century. The story is told from the perspective of a child, which is why the novel turned out to be light and warm.
2. "Sun of the Dead". A book about the revolution, the Civil War and the terror that gripped the country. “Read this if you have the courage,” said Thomas Mann. The author shows the fine line between faith and unbelief, life and death.

Literature

• Dunaev M.M. Faith in the crucible of doubts
• Ilyin I.A. About darkness and enlightenment
• Mikhailov O.N.About Ivan Shmelev (1873-1950)
• Osmina E.A. The joys and sorrows of Ivan Shmelev
• Solzhenitsyn A.I. Ivan Shmelev and his “Sun of the Dead”. From the “Literary Collection”
• Solntseva N. M. Ivan Shmelev: Life and creativity
• Memories of I.S. Shmelevo
• Georgy Grebenshchikov. There is so much in this sound
• Alexander Zernin. At Shmelev's in Geneva
• M. Dyachenko. At Shmelev's in Sevres
• Mark Vishniac. I. S. Shmelev
• Yuri Grigorkov. A. I. Kuprin (My memories)

Revolution

Shmelev greeted the February Revolution of 1917 with jubilation. He thought political change would make people's lives better.

However, after confusion and outright violence began in the country, Ivan Shmelev changed his mind.

Moreover, even then it became clear to him that in the near future the Russian people would have to endure many troubles and misfortunes.

After this, Shmelev moves to Crimea, where he writes the story “How It Was.” In it, he shares with readers the events taking place during the Civil War of 1918-1922.

Used materials

• Cross of Ivan Shmelev
• Meeting. Konstantin Balmont and Ivan Shmelev
• Marina Udaltsova. Cover us from all evil with your honest omophorion!

[1] BAR. Ms Coll Zeeler. Corr. Box 3. Vladimir Feofilovich Seeler (1874–1954) - public figure, journalist, critic; lawyer. In 1919–1920 - Minister of Internal Affairs in the Denikin government. General Secretary of the Parisian Union of Russian Writers and Journalists. Since 1947 - member of the editorial board of gas. "Russian Thought".

[2] Russian newspaper in Paris. 1924. No. 6. February 11. P.2-3.

[3] Ilyin I.A. Collection. op. // Ivan Ilyin, Ivan Shmelev. Correspondence between two Ivans (1927–1934). M., 2000. P.65-66.

Shooting of son

Shmelev's son Sergei was an officer in the tsarist army, so when the Bolsheviks occupied Crimea, they arrested him.

Despite Shmelev's petitions, he was never able to free his son, who was soon shot. This loss became one of the most difficult in his biography.

The writer was in a difficult mental state for a long time and could not come to terms with the death of his 25-year-old son.

Ivan Shmelev with his wife and son

Perpetuation of memory[ | ]

The house on Gagarin Street in Vladimir, in which Shmelev lived. Memorial plaque in Vladimir.
In 1993, the Shmelev house-museum was opened in Alushta; The opening was timed to coincide with the 120th anniversary of the writer. The museum's exhibitions reflect the main stages of the writer's life. The museum's collection consists of materials from the archive of I. S. Shmelev, donated by his great-nephew I. Zhantilhom, as well as documents and objects of the era from the archival funds of the museum of S. N. Sergeev-Tsensky. The furniture used by I. S. Shmelev, his works, letters, telegrams and personal photographs are also presented here.

On May 29, 2000, in Zamoskvorechye, in a park at the intersection between Bolshoi Tolmachevsky and Lavrushinsky lanes, a monument-bust of Shmelev was erected on a small pedestal in the form of a column with flutes. The sculptural portrait of the writer was made during his lifetime by the sculptor Lydia Luzanovskaya[15]. On June 16, 2014, this square was named in honor of the writer.

On February 28, 2014, in Vladimir, at house number 31 on Gagarin Street (formerly Tsaritsynskaya), where the writer lived with his family, a memorial plaque was unveiled. The bas-relief portrait was created by the Honored Artist of Russia, sculptor Igor Chernoglazov[16].

Notes[ | ]

1. ↑ 1 2 3 Bibliothèque nationale de France
   identifier BNF (French): open data platform - 2011.
2. ↑ 12
   Shmelev Ivan Sergeevich // Great Soviet Encyclopedia: [in 30 volumes] / ed. A. M. Prokhorov - 3rd ed. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969.
3. Iwan Sergejewitsch Schmeljow // Brockhaus Encyclopedia (German)
4. Shmelev I. S.
   Letters from I. S. Shmelev to A. V. Lunacharsky // Sun of the Dead. - M.: Consent, 2000.
5. former second lieutenant of artillery
   (letter No. 1, 21-XII-20) // Letters from I. S. Shmelev to A. V. Lunacharsky.
6. ↑ 1 2 3 Semyonov A.
   Front of the Devil
   (undefined)
   .
   Internet version of the newspaper “Pskov Province”
   (06/14/2019).
7. ↑ 1 2 Shmelev I. S., Bredius-Subbotina O. A.
   A novel in letters: In 2 volumes - 2003. - T. 1. - P. 146-147.
8. ↑ 1 2 Sheshunova S.V.
   Two civil wars of Ivan Shmelev
   (unspecified)
   .
9. Bogdanova M.
   Ivan Sergeevich Shmelev. Exalted by talent // Regnum news agency, 10/04/2018.
10. Shotova O.
    “Russia will accept me...” // Our Heritage: online magazine. - 2000. - No. 54.
11. Distant Shores: Portraits of Writers in Emigration / Compiled by author. preface and comment. V. Craid
    . - M.: Republic, 1994. - 383 p. — P. 35 ISBN 5—250—02304—6
12. Alexander Solzhenitsyn
    .
    Ivan Shmelev and his “Sun of the Dead”. From the “Literary Collection” // New World
    . - 1998. - No. 7.
13. Kochergina E. M.
    Great people about God and faith. - M., 2021.
14. Nobel Foundation Archive.
15. Luzanovskaya (married Luzanovskaya-Marinescu) Lidia Mikhailovna // Art and architecture of Russian abroad / comp. D. Ya. Severyukhin: website.
16. Kulikova, V., Chunaev, A.
    
    (unspecified)
    was opened in Vladimir . State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company "Vladimir" (02/28/2014). Access date: March 3, 2014.
17. Ivan Shmelev. Earthly paths (undefined)
    .
    Ruskino.ru
    .
18. Demina et al., 2014.

Literature[ | ]

Monographs

• Dzyga Ya. O.
  Creativity of I. S. Shmelev in the context of the traditions of Russian literature. - M., 2013. - 346 p.
• Kutyrina Yu. A.
  Ivan Sergeevich Shmelev. - Paris: RNT, 1960.
• Lyubomudrov, A. M.
  Spiritual realism in the literature of Russian abroad: B. K. Zaitsev, I. S. Shmelev. - St. Petersburg: Dmitry Bulanin, 2003.
• Rudneva E. G.
  Notes on the poetics of I. S. Shmelev. - M., 2002. - 128 p.
• Sobolev N. I.
  The story of I. S. Shmelev “The Inexhaustible Chalice”: Creative history, poetics, text. - Petrozavodsk: PetrSU, 2013. - 304 p.
• Sobolev N. I.
  The story of I. S. Shmelev “Rosstani”: text criticism, poetics, materials of creative manuscripts: scientific electronic publication / N. I. Sobolev. — Electron. Dan. — Petrozavodsk: PetrSU Publishing House, 2017.
• Sobolev, N. I.
  The story of I. S. Shmelev “Citizen Ukleikin”: materials of creative manuscripts: monograph: scientific electronic publication / N. I. Sobolev, O. A. Sosnovskaya. — Electron. Dan. — Petrozavodsk: PetrSU Publishing House, 2021.
• Solntseva N. M.
  Ivan Shmelev: Life and creativity: Biography. - M.: Ellis Luck, 2007. - 544 p. — ISBN 978-5-902152-45-3.
• Sorokina O. N.
  Moskoviana: The life and work of Ivan Shmelev. - M., 2000.
• Surovova L.
  Living antiquity of Ivan Shmelev. - M., 2006. - 304 p.
• Chernikov A.P.
  Prose by I.S. Shmelev: The concept of the world and man. - Kaluga: Kaluga Regional Institute for Teacher Improvement, 1995. - 344 p.
• Shakhovskoy D. M.
  I. S. Shmelev: Bibliography. — Paris, 1980.
• Sheshunova S.V.
  The image of the world in the novel by I.S. Shmelev “Nanny from Moscow.” - Dubna, 2002.
• Sheshunova S.V.
  Fate and books by Ivan Shmelev. A series of lectures on the radio “Grad Petrov” [2 MP3-CD]. - M., 2010.
• Aschenbrenner, Michael. Jwan Schmeljow: Leben und Schaffen des grossen russischen Schriftellers
  - Königsberg / Pr., Berlin: Ost-Europa-Verl., 1937.

Scientific articles, collections and materials of scientific conferences

• Wreath for Shmelev. Proceedings of the international scientific conference “Ivan Shmelev - thinker, artist and person” (2000). - M., 2001.
• Griko T.
  Shmelevs // Moscow. 2000. - No. 6. - P. 174−187.
• Demina A. A., Sobolev N. I., Shchegoleva L. V.
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