Lanita, ramen, right hand: what parts of the body were called in Rus'

Lanita, persi, neck, brow - a number of these words can be continued with the words shuitsa and right hand. They sound very solemn, one might say, even mystical. But all these are just outdated names for parts of the human body. Translated into modern language this means: cheeks, chest, neck, forehead. The word shuytsa is the left hand, the word right hand is the right hand. But you must admit, none of us will say to a friend: “Your cheek is dirty,” or to correct a small child: “Take the spoon with your right hand.”

So, “right hand” – what is it in the modern sense?

Face

Nowadays we almost never use the ancient noun “eye,” although many know that it is synonymous with the word “eye.” Linguist Krylov suggests that “eye” is of Indo-European nature, since similar words are found in Latin (oculus), German (auge), and English (eye). According to the “Explanatory Dictionary” of the famous linguist Vladimir Dahl, the eyelid used to be an “eyelid”, and Krylov in his “Etymological Dictionary” writes that once upon a time the eyes were also called that way. According to Krylov, this noun came from the verb “to see.” Mouth - this word is also still familiar to many. That's what lips used to be called. The famous researcher of Slavic languages, Max Vasmer, assumed that “mouth” appeared thanks to “mouth” (meaning “source”), and not the other way around. Lanita is an outdated designation for the cheek. As linguist Nikolai Shansky points out in his “Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language,” “lanits” come from the common Slavic “olnita,” that is, “a curved part of the body.” In the Explanatory Dictionary, edited by Ozhegov and Shvedova, there is another forgotten word “brow” or simply “forehead”. Uspensky’s “Etymological Dictionary of a Schoolchild” indicates that “chelo” comes from the Latin “celsus” - “high”.

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Brada, woman Beard. | There is an old man in the cave; clear view, // Calm gaze, gray hair (Pushkin). Suddenly there is a noise - and a warrior comes through the door. // Brad is covered in blood, his armor is beaten (Lermontov).

Wedges, plural, units vezhda, f. Eyelids. | In those days when there is no hope, // And there is one memory, // Fun is alien to our values, // And suffering is lighter on the chest (Lermontov). And close the old eyelids // We wish you the last, eternal sleep (Baratynsky).

Vlasy, plural, units Vlas, m. Hair. | An old man in front of a lamp // Reading the Bible. Gray hair // Hair falls on the book (Pushkin). And then on my forehead // Gray hair did not shine (Lermontov).

Vyya, f. Neck. ¤ To bend your neck in front of someone is to be servile. | Go, and with a rope on your neck // Appear to the vile murderer (Pushkin). He sang above the cosmic darkness, // Having developed his hair and arched his neck (A. Bely). Prussian baron, girding his neck // With a white frill three inches wide (Nekrasov).

Chapter, plural chapters, w. Head. ¤ To put something at the forefront is to consider it the most important. At the head of someone something - leading someone something, in front of someone something. Led by someone or something - having someone or something as a guiding, leading principle. | Bow your head first // Under the safe canopy of the law (Pushkin). Having bowed his head, he stands // Like a girl in fatal sadness (Lermontov).

Glezna, pl. glezny, w. Shin. | He hurriedly dragged him by the leg through the bloody field of battle, // Near Glezna, near the veins, tying him with an overweight belt (Homer. Per. Gnedich).

Desnitsa, woman The right hand, and also the hand in general. ¤ Gingival - right, located on the right side. Right hand - on the right hand, on the right. The punishing right hand is retribution. | A sharp sword shines on the hip, // A spear equips the right hand (Pushkin). And with his holy right hand // He showed me the truthful path (A.K. Tolstoy). Another dart, flying near the elbow, abraded the gum: // Black blood began to flow (Homer. Trans. Gnedich).

Hand, w. Palm. | You will take the hammer in your hand // And you will cry: freedom! (Pushkin). He sees the circle of the family, left for battle, // the Father, stretching out his numb hands (Lermontov). The lame Porfiry took the censer from the wooden nail, hobbled to the stove, fanned a coal in the cedar resin, and handed it to the elder with a kiss of his hand (A.K. Tolstoy).

Zenica, w. Pupil. ¤ To take care of something like the apple of your eye - to protect it carefully, carefully. | The eyes of the prophet have opened, // Like a frightened eagle (Pushkin). Silent thunderstorms passed with a whirlwind, // Sometimes shining with the apple of things (Blok). A tear quietly formed on the apple of his eye, and his gray head drooped sadly (Gogol).

Lanita, woman Cheek. | With an involuntary flame he lays his cheeks // Stealthily, a young nymph, // Without understanding herself, // Sometimes looks at a faun (Pushkin). They will kiss you, and in their joy you will turn your back to them (Dostoevsky). His cheeks never blushed with shame, except from anger or a slap in the face (Radishchev).

Lik, m. Face. | But the pale face often changes color (Lermontov). And I cried in front of you, // Looking at your dear face (A.K. Tolstoy). Forever // In my soul, like a miracle, will remain // Your light face, your incomparable air (Nabokov).

Eye, pl. eyes and tows, cf. Eye. ¤ An eye for an eye - about revenge. In the blink of an eye - in an instant, instantly, immediately. | The eye sees, but the tooth numbs (last). The tombstones are heavy // On your sleepless eyes (Akhmatova). Again I see your eyes - // And one of your southern glances // On a sad Cimmerian night // Suddenly the sleepy chill dissipated... (Tyutchev). I see your emerald eyes, // A bright appearance rises before me (Soloviev).

Percy, pl. Breasts, as well as female breasts. | Their voluptuous melodies // Infuse the heat of love into the hearts; // Their breasts breathe with lust (Pushkin). Like percy white pearls (Lermontov). [The dove] quietly sat down on her chest and hugged them with his wings (Zhukovsky).

Finger, m. Finger, usually a finger on the hand. ¤ One like a finger - completely alone, completely alone. | Apostle of destruction, to tired Hades // He appointed victims with his finger (Pushkin). A thick strand of hair obedient to the fingers (Fet). An orphan, your honor, like one finger, neither father nor mother... (Dostoevsky).

Flesh, f. Body. ¤ Someone's flesh and blood or the flesh of someone's flesh - someone's own child, brainchild. To clothe or put on flesh and blood - to give something or take on one or another material form. To enter into flesh and blood - to take root, to become an integral part. In the flesh - embodied in a bodily image, in reality. | But a person with flesh and blood is outraged even by such a death (Turgenev). It is not the flesh, but the spirit that has become corrupted in our days (Tyutchev). The Lord // transfers to the Chosen One his // Ancient and blessed right // To create worlds and into created flesh // To instantly inhale a unique spirit (Nabokov).

Pastern, f. Fist (part of the hand between the wrist and the main phalanges of the fingers). | He had already left the room when the king ordered him to turn off the light, which is why his hand came back and the gloved metacarpus fumbled and turned the switch (Nabokov). Now the only thing that became real was // What could be weighed and measured, // Touched with the metacarpus, expressed as a number (Voloshin).

Heel, plural heels, g. Heel and also foot. ¤ To the toes - about very long clothes or a braid that almost reaches the ground. On the heels of someone (to walk, chase) - to follow someone without falling behind. Under someone's thumb - under oppression, under power. From head to toe - completely, completely, completely. | Greedy sin is hot on my heels (Pushkin). The coat is Russian to the toes. // Galoshes creak in the snow (Nabokov). Because if I’m going to fly into the abyss, I’ll do it straight, head down and heels up, and I’m even pleased that it’s in this humiliating position that I fall and consider it beauty for myself (Dostoevsky).

Ramo, pl. ramen, cf. Shoulder. | Alone, having raised powerful labor for your own sake, // You are vigilantly awake (Pushkin). The spear of ramen pierces, // And blood gushes out of them like a river (Lermontov). And they rushed to Palestine, cross on their shoulders! (Zhukovsky).

Mouth, plural Lips, mouth. ¤ On everyone’s lips - everyone talks, discusses. On someone’s lips - ready to say, pronounce. From someone's mouth (to find out, to hear) - to hear from someone. First-hand (learn, hear) - directly from someone who knows better than others. To convey from mouth to mouth - to communicate from one to another. To put (words, thoughts) into someone’s mouth - to force them to speak on their own behalf, on their own behalf. It would be nice to drink honey with your lips - it would be good if you were right, if your assumptions came true. | Through the mouth of a baby the truth speaks (last). Fool, he wanted to assure us, // What God says through his lips! (Lermontov). She fixed her eyes on me and laughed with just her lips... without a sound (Turgenev). Nature has an insidious smile on her lips (Okudzhava).

Chelo, pl. chela, cf. Forehead. ¤ To hit with the forehead - (to someone) to bow low to the ground; (to someone) to thank; (to someone with something) to offer a gift, gifts; (to someone) to ask for something; (to someone about someone) complain. | Look at my dear when she surrounds her forehead with flowers in front of the mirror (Pushkin). I appeared among people again // With a cold, gloomy brow (Lermontov). His kiss burns on your pale brow like marble! (Turgenev).

Loins, plural Lower back, hips. ¤ Gird your loins with a sword - prepare for battle. | And chaste and boldly, // Shining naked to the loins, // The divine body blooms // With unfading beauty (Fet). I still have a tingling sensation in my very loins from the pistol fire of these blows (Nabokov).

Shuitsa, f. Left hand. ¤ Oshyuyu - on the left hand, on the left. | He touched the table with a heavy noise (Zhukovsky). Shuytsa Ajax froze, // Firmly holding the saddle shield until then (Homer. Trans. Gnedich). Forgive the simpleton, but isn’t this ray on your dark skin a magic stone? (Nabokov).

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Hands

Soviet linguist Dmitry Ushakov also considered “shuytsu” to be an ancient word. This is what the left hand was called in ancient times. The noun “shuytsa” originates from the adjective “shuy”, which denoted the direction of movement. Max Vasmer believed that the word “shuy” is related to the Indo-European “savyás” - “left”. Right hand is a word that is still widely known. The right hand is the right hand. Max Vasmer believed that the roots of the “hand” should be sought in the Proto-Indo-European language: for example, “daksinas” - dexterous. According to Dahl's dictionary, a finger was previously called a finger. Moreover, it does not matter where this finger was: on the arm or on the leg. The diminutive form “finger” could be used to designate the little finger. Linguist Krylov writes that similar-sounding words are found in many Indo-European languages.

Representation in art

We find this word in the works of Russian writers and poets. We see it in Pushkin’s poem “The Prophet”, in Leskov, in Bryusov, in Konstantin Simonov.

On frescoes, icons and paintings depicting the Baptism of the Lord, John the Baptist certainly blesses Jesus with his right hand, his right hand. In ancient Russian images, the right hand appears in images of the Annunciation, Adoration of the Magi, Cain and Abel. She is present as if in heaven. The hand is a symbol of divine, creative power, which a mortal can only see in the form of a hand.

Auguste Rodin created the sculpture “The Hand of the Creator” in 1898 for the composition “The Gates of Hell”.

In the Game of Thrones series, based on George R.R. Martin's book A Song of Ice and Fire, there is a position in the world of the Seven Kingdoms - Hand. Of course, the original simply used the word “hand,” but the translation couldn’t be more successful. Right hand - what is it? The king's right hand, chief assistant and adviser. There can be no other interpretation in this case.

Legs

Gacha - exactly as Dahl pointed out, legs were called a long time ago, or rather the part of the leg from the knee to the waist. Swedish linguist Liden suggested that the noun is related to some ancient words for the butt of an animal. It is noteworthy that Dahl’s dictionary says that our ancestors also christened pants “gacha.” Semenov’s “Etymological Dictionary” reports that in Ancient Rus' the foot was called “dog”, from the Latin “pedis” - “leg”. And the ankle (shin), according to the works of the lexicographer Preobrazhensky, was then called “glezna”.

List of famous Hands

Hands mentioned in the saga:

Torso

Linguist Ushakov also included such a noun as “ramen” in his dictionary. Once upon a time, shoulders had this name. Shansky pointed out that this word is common Slavic and is found in many languages ​​in the form “arm” (“hand”). According to Ozhegov’s “Explanatory Dictionary,” the hips and lower back were previously called “cheslya” (or “loins”). The German Slavic linguist Bernecker suggested that “cheresla” arose thanks to the Proto-Slavic “čerslo” (“partition”). We still often call the belly “belly,” but now only with a tinge of disdain. As linguist Krylov writes, this common Slavic word originally meant “convexity.”

Morphological characteristics, declination

"Hand" is a common noun and an inanimate feminine noun. It belongs to the first declension and, accordingly, changes according to cases and numbers.