Etymology of the word sin (Church Slavonic and Old Russian grhkhъ).

Audio version of the article

See section SIN. ABOUT SINS

• About the sin of St. Feofan the Recluse
• About sin and its consequences St. Innokenty (Borisov)
• Sin, its origin, essence and consequences V. Veltistov
• Sin, passion, vice: what is the difference and how to deal with them
• Videos about sin

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Sin (Greek ἁμαρτία - failure to hit the target, miss) -

1) a thought, thought, desire, decision, attraction, action or inaction that contradicts the Divine moral law, God’s commandments, commands, religious and ritual norms;

2) original sin: corruption of human nature, both in the soul and in the body, morally manifested in the fact that all the descendants of sinned forefathers (with the exception of the Lord Jesus Christ) are born with a tendency to evil, susceptible to the influence of fallen spirits on them .

Sin is the cause of the perversion of human nature as a result of man’s falling away from God, his falling into an unnatural (unnatural) state. On the other hand, sin is also seen as a consequence of the perversion of human nature (which was damaged as a result of the fall of our ancestors). Sin is lawlessness as a violation of the norms (law, order) of human existence determined by God. “Sin is a voluntary deviation from that which is in accordance with nature into that which is unnatural (contrary to nature)” (St. John of Damascus). Sin is deviation from the goal assigned to man by nature (Blessed Theophylact of Bulgaria). The word sin is a translation of the Greek word "ἁμαρτία", which literally means: miss or miss the target. Sin is such a manifestation of human capabilities that does not correspond to the purpose of human existence, contrary to the purpose of man as created in the image and likeness of God.

Man, created in the image and likeness of God, endowed with a rational soul, naturally seeks the Purpose, Reason and Source of his existence - seeks knowledge of God and Communion with God, strives for union with God. Only by gaining unity with the highest Divine existence - eternal, unlimited, unconditional and all-blissful - does a person receive the highest pleasure and bliss. It is unnatural for a person to strive towards something created, lower and sensual as to the eternal God, it is unnatural to put limited, created, transitory things in the place of the eternal, unchangeable, infinite, unlimited Divine existence.

At the same time, man is endowed by God with free will, so he can strive for unity with God voluntarily, or he can prefer life without God to life in God. In the latter case, he selfishly withdraws into his own nature, selfishly separates himself from God, which is sin. According to St. Theophan the Recluse, man sinned by shifting the center of his life and activity from God to himself. According to St. Simeon the New Theologian, falling into sin, man died for God and began to live by his nature. Having renounced unity with God, man puts the corruptible and transitory in the place of his uncreated Creator, and deifies the creature instead of the Creator. The immortal soul of man, created in order to contemplate God and be illuminated by Him, seeks perishable things instead of God. Thus, she develops in herself unnatural addictions to the transitory created world, which bring discord into human existence, because they can never be satisfied. Thus, sin manifests itself as lawlessness, as a violation of the norm of human existence, as a perversion of the natural order of human life.

Falling into sin is called the Fall. The first to fall were the ancestors of mankind. A person who lives according to the law of sin is called the old man. Sinful habits fixed in a person are called passions.

Sin brings with it three illusions: the illusion of freedom, the illusion of knowledge and the illusion of pleasure.

It seems to the sinner that he is not constrained by rules, but he does not see that he has become a slave to sin, which has enslaved his soul.

“We want to get to know each other better,” say the fornicators, and, having found out, they become uninteresting to each other, since only lust was their real goal.

Satisfaction from sin is the bait of the devil; it makes one repeat and deepen the falls, like a drug addict who is forced to increase the dose.

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Literature

in Russian

• Veltistov V.N.
  Sin, its origin, essence and consequences: Critical-dogmatic study. — M.: Type. M.G. Volchaninova, 1885. - 312 pp.;
• Ivanov M. S.
  [www.pravenc.ru/text/166453.html Sin] // Orthodox Encyclopedia. Volume XII. - M.: Church-scientific, 2006. - P. 330-345. — 752 p. — 39,000 copies. — ISBN 5-89572-017-Х;
• Ranovich A. B.
  Essay on the history of the Hebrew religion. - M.: OGIZ; State anti-religious publishing house, 1937. - P. 194–95, 368–70.;
• Krmelevsky A. M.
  [www.biblioteka3.ru/biblioteka/pravoslavnaja-bogoslovskaja-jenciklopedija/tom-4/greh.html Sin] // Orthodox Theological Encyclopedia. - St. Petersburg: Petrograd Publishing House. Supplement to the spiritual magazine “Wanderer”, 1903. - T. 4.;

in other languages

• Tennant FR (English)Russian
  The concept of sin, Camb., 1912.

In Dahl's dictionary

m. an act contrary to the law of God; guilt before the Lord. Hereditary sin. He who sins is a slave of sin. Sins are kind, they lead to the abyss. | Guilt or misdemeanor; error, error; more sin, sins. Behind him there is this sin, there is sin. Don’t put it in a bad way, don’t lead it into sin. There is no master for sin. | Trouble, misfortune, misfortune, calamity, meaning: for our sins. You can't escape sin. Whose misfortune is his sin, his loss. It's my sin, I'm to blame. My sin has reached me, I am punished for my guilt. Who doesn’t live with sin and misfortune? Don't be afraid of the whip, but be afraid of sin. Sin got me confused. There is that sin. To be honest, this way and that, somehow. A sin in half, a loss. What a sin it has become, the money is gone! It’s a financial sin, a misfortune from which you can get rid of it with money. | In a close sense debauchery. He was young and lived with sin. He (she) still does not know sin. The husband will sin, so there is sin in people; but the wife sins and brings it home. The husband’s sin remains behind the threshold, but the wife takes it all home. | It’s a sin to do, adv., sinful, sinful”>sinful. Being blessed is not a sin, said the murderer. It’s funny to say, it’s a sin to conceal, it’s funny, it’s sinful. It is not because of our sins that the Lord is merciful! Everything in the world is done according to our sins. Whose soul is in sin is responsible. He who is in sin (in deed) is also responsible. A lot of intelligence means a lot of sin, but stupidity will not be punished. There are a lot of sins, and plenty of money. There is no sin worse than poverty. Poverty is not a sin, but it leads to sin. Wealth is a great sin before God, but poverty is a great sin before people. Too much money is a great sin; money is not enough (namale) more sinful than that. Be it so, I will accept sin on my soul, and then I will do this and that. Live in such a way that there is neither sin from God nor shame from people. Make peace with people, but fight with sins. Your sins behind you, others’ sins before you. Our sin is greater than all. And the first man did not escape sin (and the last will not escape). For our sins and Terekha clerks. Alive, by your sins, by your prayers! resp. hello. Live while the Lord tolerates sins! For God's sin, for good people's laughter. It's a shame to say, but it's a shame to hide. Without sin you will sin. Where there is laughter, there is sin, and vice versa. Sin is not a problem, but fame is not a good thing. Trouble is not a problem, as long as there is no sin. Be silent, deaf, less sin! A big sin is forgiven more quickly than a small one, because the person repents and is schismatic. The priests (or clerks) sinned for our sins, God punishes us with them. No sin, no salvation. It’s a sin (sinful) to dip a piece into salt lick, an allusion to Judas. It’s a sin to blow into a spoon, but to get burned without blowing is a sin, schismatic. Sinful, subject to, involved in sin. Sinfulness g. comp. Sinful”>sinful, fallen into sin. To sin, to fall into sin, to break the law of God. | To make mistakes, to make mistakes. To sin against someone, to slander, to make false accusations. Know how to sin, know how to repent. We sin like David (we sin), but we don’t repent like David. If there is someone to sin, there would be someone to have mercy on. According to sins and life. - Xia, old. make a mistake, miss, miss. | Others sin unwillingly, impersonally. we sin, we sin. Sin cf. action of the sinner, sin lower. Sinful, in a different sense, related to sin, related to guilt. Sinful man, I drink. It’s sinful, sinful, but (yes) it’s impossible to avoid! Whoever is not a sinner to God is not to blame for the king. I, sinfully, beat him for this. I am with his sinful hands, but for the holy hair. What is shameful and sinful has become fashionable (habitual). To say it is funny, to hide it is sinful. Sinful Jonah takes from a bow: the right one will come, but takes without a bow. The sinner is honest, the sinner is a rogue - everyone in the world lives by sin! For a sinner, the path is wide at the beginning, but then it is narrow (or: there it is steep and narrow). Neither the righteous is without vice, nor the sinner without repentance. The righteous came to sinners to ask for talent. The flesh is sinful, but the soul is good. It is a sin to be at a wedding without being drunk. It is a sin to leave food in a cup uneaten, schismatic. rebaptizers. It is a sin to eat mandrake apples (coloured potatoes). The truth is holy, and we are sinful people. Sinful piece of paper, fake, fake. Sinful or sin adv. contrary to the law of God; wrong, untruthful, unfair. Sinfulness Sinful”>sinfulness, participation in sin; guilt, criminality; impermissibility, opposition to God's law. It’s a sin for you to do this, a sinner. Sinner m. sinner f. (more with prepositions: pre, co) sinner, sinner f. who sins, who transgresses the law of God. | Criminal, esp. exile, whom people call sinners of Perm. or unhappy. Sinners, sinners, belong to him, to her. Sinner, characteristic of sinners. A place of sin, a place of sin, a place where sin is committed. To sin, to live in sin, dissolutely, indulging in sin. Sinner, sinner, sinner leading a dissolute life. To sin or commit sin, to seduce, seduce, to lead others into sin. Sinful behavior Wed. this action, seductive actions, sinfulness cf. Sinful or sinful, related to sinfulness, seductive. Sinner, -nitsa, sinner, -vodka, who commits sin. Sin-lover, sin-lover m. sin-lover or sin-lover w. strongly committed to sin, constantly indulging in sin, sinful life; sin-loving person. Sinhomyga vol. a man of sinful life. The Fall cf. falling into sin, turning away from the path of truth, transgression. The Fall is the name given to the first sin, the fall of Adam. Sinful, prone to sin. To commit a sin, to commit a sin, to create or do something sinful, to sin. | To create or create a sin, an offense, a crime, where it essentially does not exist, for example. inappropriate orders, unenforceable decrees, etc. Sinfulness, sinfulness, this action; sin; | introducing others into sin, inappropriate laws, prohibitions, orders. Sinful, about a person: sinning; | about the routine, the law: leading into sin. Sinner, sinmaker or sinmaker m. sinmaker, sinmaker, sinmaker w. who commits sin, in both meanings. Sin-saving, sin-purifying, saving, cleansing from sin.

In Vasmer Max's dictionary

genus. p. sin, ukr. grikh, st.-slav. sin ἁμαρτία, ἁμάρτημα, Bulgarian. sin, Serbohorv. grijex, b. P. Grijèxa, Slovenian grȇh, Czech. hřích, slvts. hriech, Polish grzech, v.-luzh. hrěch, n.-luzh. grěch. This word is found in the Old Slavs. traces of stems in -u, e.g. sinful, sinful (Sup.); see Meillet, RS 6, 131. This is where you sin. Most likely, glory. grěxъ is associated with warming from the beginning. meaning “burning (of conscience)”; see Pedersen, IF 5, 53: Mladenov 113 (the latter also compares with the Greek χρήματα). Relative value Wed other ind. tapas avg. “heat, pain” from tápati “heats up”. The stress here is unusual (cf. laughter, haste); see Bernecker 1, 350 et seq., whose own comparison with the Greek. χρίω “I smear, anoint”, χροιά “skin, color”, lit. griejù, griẽti “to skim off the cream”, graistaũ, graistýti “to skim off the foam” is unconvincing (see also Brückner 161 et seq.); against see Charpentier (AfslPh 37, 47 et seq.); however, the comparison of the latter with other Indian. bhrḗṣati “swings, sways” (supposedly from the original *ghrēṣ- with a labial consonant from bhraṃc̨- “to fall”) is incredible. Others compare glory. grěxъ with ltsh. grèizs "oblique", lit. graĩžas – the same; see Endzelin, BB 27, 190; Ilyinsky, IORYAS 20, 3, 69; Petersson, Vgl. sl. Worthst. 9; M. – E. 1, 647 et seq. From the close word *groikso- or *groiso- “bend, curvature”, which is also distinguished in Serbokhorv. grich "hill", Old Prussian. grēiwa-kaulin “rib”, comes from Buga in RFV 66, 236 et seq. Otherwise, about other Prussian. word see Trautman, Apr. Sprd. 342. •• See also dream. - T.

Links

• [www.salam-alejkum.narod.ru/answers_bigsins.html Great sins in Islam]
• [www.kabbalah.info/rus/content/view/frame/13497 Stages of the sinner and the righteous in Kabbalah]
• [www.youtube.com/watch?v=UQxCYUbDe8s Understanding sin in Orthodox Christianity]

Notes

1. Vasiliev P. P.
   Sin // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - St. Petersburg, 1890-1907.
2. Jacob 5:16: εξομολογείσθε αλλήλοις τα παραπτώματα / ἐξομολογεῖσθε οὖν ἀλλήλο ις τὰς ἁμαρτίας - Depending on the accepted translation.
3. [www.agioskanon.ru/sobor/014.htm#123 Canons of the Council of Carthage 123-130]
4. [books.google.ru/books?id=i4hAAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Codex+canonum&hl=ru&sa=X&ei=2GNVU6BTpJfjBNfIgFg&ved=0CFUQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=Codex%20canonum&f=false “Codex Canonum vetus ecclesiae Romanae” 1523 . p. 260 Canons LXXVI - LXXXIII]
5. ↑ 12
   [azbyka.ru/dictionary/04/greh-all.shtml The ABC of Faith]. Dictionary entry "Sin".
6. ↑ 12
   [www.foma.ru/article/index.php?news=1440 Foma. Orthodox magazine for doubters]. "Disease or crime?" Archpriest, teacher of the Kaluga Seminary Konstantin Gipp."(inaccessible link from 01-04-2015 (2306 days)) [azbyka.ru/dictionary/04/bolezn_ili_prestuplenie-all.shtml]
7. [www.pravoslavie.ru/sretmon/uchil/osipov_okt.htm Sretensky Higher Orthodox Monastic School], “Who is God?” honored prof. MDAiS, d.b. Osipov A. I.
8. [azbyka.ru/vera_i_neverie/o_prirode_zla/Mileant_Skorbi_3g-all.shtml ABC of Faith], “Sorrows in our lives. The teaching of the Holy Scriptures about evil and suffering." Bishop Alexander (Mileant)
9. [www.orthedu.ru/nbpi/nbpi/posobia/nrav_bogoslov-2.htm#_Toc50599308 Education and Orthodoxy], “Orthodox moral theology. Retribution as an ontological principle." archim. Platon (Igumenov)
10. Ash-Shura [koran.islamnews.ru/?syra=42&ayts=25&aytp=25&kul=on&orig=on&original=og1&dictor=8&s= 42:25]
11. ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 Ali-zade, A. A.
    Ism: [[web.archive.org/web/20111001002841/slovar-islam.ru/books/i.html arch.] October 1, 2011] // Islamic encyclopedic Dictionary. - M.: Ansar, 2007.
12. An-Nisa [koran.islamnews.ru/?syra=4&ayts=31&aytp=31&kul=on&orig=on&original=og1&dictor=8&s= 4:31]
13. ↑ 1 2 Ibrahim, T.K. and Sagadeev A.V.
    [www.academia.edu/800250/_._M._1991 Kabira] // Islam: encyclopedic dictionary / rep. ed. S. M. Prozorov. - M.: Nauka, 1991. - P. 124.
14. AS LaVey.
    The Satanic Bible. - Avon Books, 1969. - 272 p. — ISBN 0380015390, 9780380015399. “Satan represents all so-called sins, as they lead to physical, mental and emotional satisfaction.”
15. [www.churchofsatan.com/Pages/Sins.html The Nine Satanic Sins. AS LaVey 1987] (English)
16. [warrax.net/Satan/Books/SatanBible/Sins.htm Nine Satanic Sins. A. S. LaVey. 1987] (Russian)
17. Peter H. Gilmore.
    [www.churchofsatan.com/Pages/Feared.html Satanism: The Feared Religion] (English).
    A New Age: essays on current religious beliefs and practices
    . Merrimac Books (1992). — “Satanists acknowledge that we are human and work towards perfection, but can sometimes fall into negative patterns of action. was born the list of The “Nine Satanic Sins”, guidelines for what Satanists consider to be non-productive behavior to be recognized and eliminated from one's daily existence." Retrieved February 4, 2011. [www.webcitation.org/61AI9LPgd Archived from the original on August 24, 2011].
18. Peter Gilmour.
    [web.archive.org/web/20130320054016/warrax.net/Satan/translated/CoS/SatanismText1.html Satanism is a feared religion]. warrax.net. Retrieved May 11, 2015.
19. [www.saentologi.ru/dictionary.htm Dictionary of Scientology]. saentologi.ru. Retrieved May 11, 2015.

In the dictionary D.N. Ushakova

SIN, sin, man. 1. For believers - violation of religious and moral precepts (rel.). Suicide is a sin. 2. transfer A reprehensible act, a crime. “Sin is not a problem, rumor is not good.” Griboyedov. In our hot days, slowing down is a grave sin against the cause of socialism. "Izvestia", 1931, No. 97. 3. in meaning. predicate with ·inf. The same thing as sinful" title='what is sinful, the meaning of the word sinful in Ushakov's dictionary'>sinful (colloquial). “It’s a sin to laugh at old age.” Griboyedov. • Not a sin, with ·inf., to whom (·colloquial) - permissible, should. It’s not a sin for an old man to rest. Accept sin (colloquial) - accept responsibility, guilt. To be honest (colloquial) - not bad, barely. Work with half a sin. He explains himself in Russian perfectly.