The emergence of man causes heated debate among scientists. Some refer to Darwin's theory, arguing that humans descended from monkeys. Theologians, like all believers, have no doubt that man was created by the Almighty, and the first of them was the Prophet Adam (a.s.).
Before this, the world was already inhabited by angels, to whom the Lord addressed with the words:
“I will create a man from clay. When I give him a proportionate form and breathe into him from My spirit, then fall on your face before him" (38:71-72)
All the angels, obeying the Creator, did so, and only Iblis refused, for which he was cursed.
In addition to the fact that Adam (a.s.) is the first man, he is also considered the first prophet. To console him, the Almighty created a wife, Havva (Eva), and commanded:
“Oh Adam! Settle in Paradise with your spouse" (2:35)
Moreover, if Adam (a.s.) himself was created from clay, then Havva was created from his rib.
Expulsion from Paradise
Thus Adam and Hawwa became the inhabitants of Jannah. They were endowed with all the necessary benefits, but one tree was forbidden to them. The Almighty categorically forbade them to approach him and eat his fruits. Iblis, who was cursed because of his refusal to prostrate himself before man and vowed to lead all people astray until the Day of Judgment, got his chance. He began to persuade Adam and Eve to sin. Shaitan sought to convince them that this tree was haram for them only because it could make a person immortal. Iblis knew very well about people’s weak points and decided to put pressure on one of them.
Adam (a.s.) and Havva fell for Satan’s tricks and ate the fruits of the forbidden tree. After which the Almighty cast them both to the ground. At that moment, for the first time they felt the wrath of Allah, who deprived them of Paradise and separated them.
It would seem that they had everything, but the lack of gratitude and contentment with what they had led to the commission of sin. Unfortunately, this vice is also experienced by modern society, the beginning of which was laid by the first man.
Friday is considered a special day of the week among Muslims, also thanks to the Prophet Adam (a.s.). It is known that it was on Friday that he was created, introduced into Jannat and cast down to earth.
It is believed that Adam (a.s.) ended up in the territory of Ceylon, and Hawwa ended up on the Arabian Peninsula. For two centuries they wandered around the world and asked forgiveness from the Lord of the Worlds.
The bitter experience of the first of the people became the starting point of a person’s freedom of choice, as well as responsibility for his actions. From that moment on, Adam (a.s.) and Hawwa were wary of Iblis and sincerely repented of what they had done.
The Almighty showed His mercy and allowed them to reunite. After which Allah commanded Adam (a.s.) to build the Kaaba on the territory of modern Mecca and perform the Hajj to it. Thus began the prophetic mission of Adam (a.s.) on earth.
Literature
- Malov E., prot. About Adam according to the teachings of the Bible and the teachings of the Koran. Kaz., 1885
- Filaret (Drozdov), archimandrite. [Metropolitan Moscow]. Notes on the book of Genesis. [1816]
- Bogorodsky Ya. A. The beginning of the history of the world and man according to the first pages of the Bible. Kaz., 1902
- Thielicke H. How the World Began: Man in the First Chapters of the Bible. Phil., 1961
- Renckens H. Israel's Concept of the Beginning: The Theology of Genesis 1-3. NY, 1964
- Seraphim (Rose), Hierom. Orthodox understanding of the book of Genesis: Trans. from English M., 1998
- Flemming J. Die Ikonographie von Adam und Eva in der Kunst vom 3. bis zum 13. Jh. Jena, 1953
- Mazure A. Adame et Eve: Le thème d'Adame et Eve dans l'art. P., 1967
Prophet of Allah
Having settled on earth, Adam (a.s.) was taught everything that a person needed to know to survive in those conditions. Over time, he and Havva began to have children. Their exact number is unknown; the only information that has reached us is that twins were constantly born. The first to be born to Adam (a.s.) and Havva were Qabil (Cain) and his sister, whose name is unknown. Then Habil (Abel) and his sister appeared. To continue the family line, the sons and daughters of Adam (a.s.) married each other. Thus, the number of people grew, and Adam (a.s.) was their prophet, who told them to worship the Creator alone.
Prophet Adam (a.s.) received revelations from the Lord of the worlds. After some time, scrolls (suhuf) were sent down to him, which contained the first written instructions in history to man from Allah. All people in the community of Prophet Adam (a.s.) were monotheists and worshiped the Almighty. However, this did not protect the first ummah from sin.
Life in Eden
Both God and Allah settled Adam in the paradise garden of Eden, surrounded by the greenery of fruit trees. The man, appointed guardian and “gardener” of the wonderful place, was allowed to eat the fruits of any plant, except one - the creator strictly forbade him to touch the fruits of the Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil. Adam knew that a terrible punishment awaited him in the form of death if he disobeyed his father.
Adam in the Garden of Eden
The first man enjoyed a blessed life in Eden, basked in the warm sun and did not know grief. One day, God brought the newly created animals to the man so that Adam could give them names and choose an equal helper. However, among the living creatures there was no creature similar to man. Then God took out a rib from Adam and created Eve, who from now on became his wife. The couple paraded around the Garden of Eden completely naked, but in their souls they had never known such a feeling as shame.
Humanity's first sin
When the first children of Prophet Adam (a.s.) - Qabil and Habil - grew up, it was time to marry them. If Habil was pleased with his wife, then Kabil was jealous of his younger brother, considering himself deprived. The situation was also aggravated by an incident that occurred during the sacrifice. The fact is that at that time people made sacrifices in a special place. After which fire should have appeared and consumed her. If this happened, then the sacrifice was considered accepted. That day Habil brought the carcass of the largest cattle. And Kabil, being stingy, brought only a plant unsuitable for food. As a result, it was discovered that Habil's sacrifice was accepted, but Kabil's was not. After which he was overcome by anger, and he decided to kill his brother.
This is how the first sin in the history of mankind occurred, and Qabil became the first inhabitant of Hell among people.
In culture
Writers and artists are famous for their love for this character and the plot as a whole, which gave several bright symbols at once, opening up a wide field for imagination. Writers and poets are happy to use Eden, the forbidden fruit, the Tree of Life, and the tempting serpent in a literal and allegorical sense.
Dante Alighieri in The Divine Comedy, the German playwright Hans Sachs in The Tragedy of the Creation of Adam and His Expulsion from Paradise, and the German poet Friedrich Klopstock, who forced the first earthly man to repent in the tragedy The Death of Adam, undertook to capture the image and interpret the fate of Adam on paper. in sins before God.
In the 16th century, the poet and playwright from the Netherlands Joost Vondel surprised the literary world with an unusual view of the Fall of Adam: in the drama “Adam in Exile,” an angel consoles the outcasts of Eden that they will now find an “inner paradise” that lurks in the depths of the soul. And, perhaps, the most famous creation belongs to the pen of John Milton - the author became famous for the poem “Paradise Lost”.
Adam and Eve on a triptych by Albrecht Durer
In Russian literature, the work “Prayer” stands out, in which the writer Daniil Zatochnik blames Eve for Adam’s plight.
Representatives of artistic and literary circles mocked the biblical story, which features Adam, to their heart's content, creating anti-religious works with a humorous touch. Jean Effel was able to indulge in blasphemy when he presented the public with a funny collection of drawings, “Adam Meets the World.” Mark Twain also chose the genre of satire to create stories under the general title “Adam’s Diaries.”
Fine art is also proud of its collection of paintings on the theme of Adam’s suffering and life in Eden. The artists mainly choose four iconographic scenes - the creation of Adam and Eve separately, the fall of the characters and the expulsion from paradise.
Fountains "Adam" and "Eve" in Peterhof
The works of the Italian painter Masaccio and the German graphic artist Albrecht Durer are considered interesting paintings. And the most famous painting was the fresco of the great Buonarroti by Michelangelo “The Creation of Adam”, which adorns the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel. The painting depicts the progenitor of the human race lying on an emerald rock, in which life is gradually awakening.
The rich sculptural heritage delights art lovers. The Adam Fountain is part of the palace and park ensemble of Peterhof. Dane Karl Bonnesen gave the world the composition “Adam and Eve Mourn the Death of Abel.” The masterpiece with biblical heroes performed by the German Johann Gottfried Schadow is also widely known.
Contemporary artists also do not stand aside. In 2013, a sculpture dedicated to Adam and Eve grew near the registry office of the city of Kramatorsk (Donetsk region). The author of the steel monument is artist Vyacheslav Gutyrya. The statue of the ancestors of mankind weighing 700 kg appeared on the eve of Family Day.
Death of Adam (a.s.)
Prophet Adam (a.s.) lived on earth for 960 years, although initially he was given a millennium. The fact is that one day Allah showed him all his descendants, of whom he paid attention to one - Prophet Daoud (a.s.). Adam (a.s.) asked the Lord to give his 40 years of life to him.
When Adam (a.s.) turned 960 years old, Azrael (the angel of death - note Islam.Global) appeared to him. But the prophet said in surprise that he was destined to live 1000 years. To which Azrael reminded Adam (a.s.) about the 40 years that he handed over to Daud (a.s.). Initially he denied it, but then he admitted and accepted death. Talking about this incident, the Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.) said: “Adam was mistaken, and therefore his sons are also mistaken” (Tirmidhi).
In addition, the Arabic word "Insan" ("person") is the same root as the word "forget". It is forgetfulness that is one of the essences of people, to which the first man was subject.
It is the story of the Prophet Adam (a.s.) that should become a kind of symbol of a person’s responsibility for every action committed. His example should serve as a lesson for every Muslim who strives for the pleasure of Allah. We must make every effort not to fall into sin. If we get stuck in it, then we should ask Allah for forgiveness and refuse to follow the path of Satan.
Studies have given different results
One famous 2013 study found that Y chromosome Adam lived between 120,000 and 156,000 years ago, and mitochondrial Eve between 99,000 and 148,000 years ago.
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Other studies have moved mitochondrial Eve back 200,000 years, so estimates vary widely. An initial study by Allan Wilson's team at the University of California, Berkeley in 1987 on the eve of Mitochondria gave a range of 140,000 to 200,000 years.
Interesting Facts
- Various teachings present their own versions of the creation of Adam. Some are very curious, for example, in the Mandaean religion, the lifeless body of a person first appeared and only then the soul was brought from the world of Light. In the Gnostic view, Adam the androgyne was divided into two halves - male and female.
- In Islam, Adam is not just the first man. The man leads the galaxy of prophets of Allah.
- There are legends about the origin of the name. Thus, it is believed that the word Adam is an abbreviation for the four cardinal directions. It turns out that the man is a real cosmopolitan.
- According to legend, Adam's body was buried on Mount Golgotha, where Jesus was later crucified.
Profession and business
Adam can achieve high results in various fields of activity, thanks to his discipline and constant analysis of everything that happens. In leadership positions he is demanding and categorical. In a team he shows himself as an absolute leader. Among those with the name Adam you can often find veterinarians, programmers, writers, and clergy. He often chooses professions related to medicine and trade. He can achieve great success in sports, commerce, poetry, and painting.
