Board of Boris Godunov
In 1598, the childless Tsar Fyodor Ivanovich died. In his spiritual will, he denied the power to three persons - “his Holiness Patriarch Job... and his brother Fyodor Nikitich Romanov, and his brother-in-law... Boris Fedorovich Godunov.”
Fyodor Nikitich, who had no experience of political intrigue, did not dare to touch Monomakh’s hat, and Godunov hastily placed it on his head. Immediately after his accession, his attitude towards the Romanovs changed dramatically. A cold wind blew from the royal throne onto Fyodor Nikitich. With the new rank list, he not only was not awarded the first voivodeship in any regiment, but was placed last on the list of boyars.
From the outside it might seem that the elder Romanov suffered the insult humbly. He obediently took the place assigned to him at the new court. But that was just the appearance of meekness. The carefree dandy died, a politician was born.
The boyar families, dissatisfied with the “rootless Tatar” on the throne, gradually rallied around the Romanovs. It was in this circle that the idea of an impostor as an effective weapon in the fight against Godunov was hatched.
For this role, a blazing head was chosen - Yushka (Grigory) Bogdanov, son of Otrepiev, a former slave in the yard of Mikhail Romanov, brother of Fyodor Nikitich. Involved in some serious crime, for which he was threatened with severe punishment, he fled from Moscow and became a monk in a remote monastery in the Yaroslavl region. And suddenly an invisible hand took him out of the Yaroslavl forests and again brought him to the capital - and not just anywhere, but to the patriarchal court, where he was appointed a census taker.
Why this was done is not difficult to guess. Due to his duty, Otrepiev gained access to important papers. For the role that was intended for him, he had to familiarize himself in the archives with the materials of the Uglich investigative case of 1591 about the death of Tsarevich Dmitry, and the position of patriarchal secretary provided access to these documents. At the same time, the conspirators began to spread rumors that Tsar Boris was guilty of many atrocities - in particular, he allegedly sent assassins to Tsarevich Dmitry and ordered to strangle Tsar Fyodor.
The mechanism of Troubles was launched. But the Romanovs and their accomplices did not have time to use their secret weapon; Boris was ahead of them.
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Prince Fyodor Nikolaevich Golitsyn (7 [18] April 1751 - 5 [17] December 1827, Moscow) - curator of Moscow University, amateur poet, author of memoirs, owner of the Petrovo-Dalneye estate.
A representative of the princely family of Golitsyn, Fedor Nikolaevich was born on April 7 (18), 1751 and was the eldest son of Major General Nikolai Fedorovich Golitsyn (1728-1780) and his wife Praskovya Ivanovna, née Shuvalova (1734-1802). His sister was the memoirist Varvara Golovina. On his mother's side, he is the nephew of the childless nobleman Ivan Ivanovich Shuvalov.
Countess Varvara Nikolaevna Golovina, née Princess Golitsyna
Ivan Ivanovich Shuvalov (1 [12] November 1727, Moscow - 15 [26] November 1797, St. Petersburg) - Russian statesman, adjutant general (1760), favorite of Empress Elizabeth I Petrovna, philanthropist, founder of Moscow University and the Academy of Arts . Chief Chamberlain (1778), actual Privy Councilor (1773). He (unlike his cousins) did not have the title of count.
From birth he was enlisted in the Life Guards Horse Regiment. He was under the patronage of his uncle Shuvalov. In 1771 he received the rank of cornet. Later, with the rank of lieutenant, he was sent to the court.
Portrait of Prince Fyodor Nikolaevich Golitsyn (1751-1827) at the age of 9 years
In 1768, in order to improve his education, he was sent on a grand tour abroad, where Shuvalov lived at that time. In Rome, Fyodor Nikolaevich studied mathematics with the Jesuits, then moved to Geneva, where he began a serious course of study with various professors. He visited Voltaire several times in Ferney.
Voltaire
Having visited Württemberg, Bavaria, Holland and England, at the end of 1773, 22-year-old Prince Golitsyn arrived in Paris. Shuvalov introduced his nephew to high Parisian society and introduced him to King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette. They showed their affection to Golitsyn and invited him to Saturday evenings. After living in France for three years, in the summer of 1777 Fyodor Nikolaevich returned to Moscow. His arrival in Russia was caused by the death of his younger 18-year-old brother, Prince Ivan Nikolaevich.
Louis XVI
Marie Antoinette of Austria
Upon his arrival in St. Petersburg in September 1777, Prince Golitsyn was introduced to the empress and granted the rank of chamber cadet. In 1779, he was appointed to the 1st Department of the Senate at the chief prosecutor's desk.
Empress Catherine II Alekseevna
Since 1786 - chamberlain. Wanting to serve only in the diplomatic part, or not to serve at all, Golitsyn only received minor diplomatic assignments twice. In 1787 in Stockholm, he thanked the king for his congratulations to Catherine on her return from Crimea, and in 1790 in Vienna, he congratulated Leopold II on his accession to the throne.
Leopold II (Holy Roman Emperor)
Taking advantage of the special favor of Grand Duke Pavel Petrovich, Golitsyn often visited him in Gatchina and Pavlovsk. The news of the death of Catherine II found him in Moscow. He hurried to St. Petersburg and took part in all the funeral processions.
Paul I
Vladimir Borovikovsky
Palace in Gatchina from the garden side
University of Moscow
At the request of the old man Shuvalov, Emperor Paul I in December 1796 appointed Golitsyn curator of Moscow University, conferring the rank of Privy Councilor. According to Professor Timkovsky, Golitsyn made a favorable impression on the professors with his courtesy and attention, but his main concerns concerned external improvement - repairs and cleanliness; and for this he attracted a lot of donations
Prince Fyodor Nikolaevich Golitsyn.
Golitsyn's official position could not help but bring him closer to the modern scientific and literary world. Derzhavin, whose works he published, and Karamzin were in correspondence with him, as well as many academicians of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. Disagreements between the curators of the university forced Prince Golitsyn at the end of 1801, due to the illness of his wife, to go abroad, and on November 21, 1803, on the occasion of the abolition of the post of curator, he resigned from his service as a Privy Councilor.
Gabriel (Gavrila) Romanovich Derzhavin (July 3 [14], 1743, Sokury village, Kazan province - July 8 [20], 1816, Zvanka estate, Novgorod province) - Russian poet of the Enlightenment, statesman of the Russian Empire, senator, active privy councilor.
Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin (December 1 [12], 1766, Znamenskoye, Simbirsk province (or the village of Mikhailovka (Preobrazhenka)[6], Orenburg province) Russian Empire[7] - May 22 [June 3] 1826[8], St. Petersburg, Russian Empire) is a historian, the largest Russian writer of the era of sentimentalism, nicknamed the “Russian Stern.” Creator of the “History of the Russian State” (volumes 1-12, 1803-1826) - one of the first generalizing works on the history of Russia. Editor of the Moscow Journal (1791-1792) and Vestnik Evropy (1802-1803).
Last years
During his second stay in Paris, Golitsyn was introduced to the first consul Napoleon Bonaparte. With his characteristic rudeness, Napoleon asked the prince on what basis he wears the Maltese cross, not being a Catholic, to which the prince replied that he received this cross from the grand master of the order, Emperor Paul I, and that Orthodox Christians are the same Christians as Catholics, after which is why the first consul turned away from him.
Portrait of Paul I in the costume of the Grand Master of the Order of Malta by V.L. Borovikovsky, 1800
Napoleon I Bonaparte
Having buried his wife in Paris in 1804, Prince Golitsyn returned to Russia. He spent the winter in Moscow, and the summer in Petrovsky, from which he never left until his death, except in 1812. Having two eldest sons, princes Nikolai and Ivan, in military service, Golitsyn did not dare to leave Moscow for a long time, thanks to the insistent assurances of Count Rostopchin that the enemy would not occupy Moscow. Seeing the almost deserted capital, at the end of August 1812 he and his two younger sons moved to Vladimir, where he spent the winter in Yazykov’s house.
Count (from 1799) Fyodor Vasilyevich Rostopchin (in “War and Peace” by L. N. Tolstoy is mentioned as Rostopchin) (12 [23] March 1763, village of Kosmodemyanskoye, Oryol province - 18 [30] January 1826, Moscow) - Russian state figure, infantry general, favorite of Emperor Paul and head of his foreign policy, Moscow mayor and governor-general of Moscow during the Napoleonic invasion.
In Moscow, Golitsyn lived a broad lordly life, had a large staff of servants and courtyard people, but at the same time he personally led a secluded lifestyle, not at all wasteful. With the entry into the service of his sons and their departure from home, the prince remained more and more lonely, although he visited Moscow society and the Moscow club, where he never played anything. Being an educated man, fluent in languages: Russian, French, German, English and Italian, Prince Golitsyn spent his days in his office, where he read a lot and was engaged in literary work.
Manor house of F. N. Golitsyn in Petrovsky
One of the outbuildings
Alley in the estate park
Died on December 5 (17), 1827 in Moscow. He was buried in the village of Pokrovskoye, Zvenigorod district, Moscow province.
Prince Fyodor Nikolaevich Golitsyn
Literary activity
In 1779 he began his literary activity. A poem was published, written in the style of Lomonosov’s odes, “Song for the birth of <> Konstantin Pavlovich, composed in Sarskoye Selo, April 27, 1779.” Prince Golitsyn was engaged in translations, for example, he translated “Silla’s Conversation with Eucrates” by Charles-Louis Montesquieu.
He wrote memoirs about Shuvalov - “The Life of Chief Chamberlain Ivan Ivanovich Shuvalov, written by his nephew, his secret adviser, Prince Fyodor Nikolaevich Golitsyn.” Since 1809, he worked on his memoirs, in which he described life at court.
The 20-year-old prince is depicted on the bust of F. Shubin
Marriage and children
Wife since February 13, 1783, Princess Praskovya Nikolaevna Repnina (1756-1784), eldest daughter of Prince N.V. Repnin and N.A. Kurakina; maid of honor. In June 1780, Princess Repnina sang a song in the presence of Empress Catherine on her arrival with Emperor Joseph II in Smolensk. The marriage was childless and short-lived; a few months after the wedding, the young princess fell ill with pneumonia, which turned into transient consumption. She was ordered by doctors to go to Italy, but the sick Praskovya Nikolaevna could not stand the journey and had to stay in Smolensk with her father, where she died on October 19, 1784.
Praskovya Nikolaevna Repnina (1756/1763-1784), daughter of N.V. Repnina and N.A. Kurakina, maid of honor, wife of Prince F.N. Golitsyn. Maternal aunt of the Decembrist S.G. Volkonsky.
Prince Nikolai Vasilyevich Repnin
Princess Natalya Alexandrovna Repnina, née Kurakina
Wife since 1788, Varvara Ivanovna Shipova (176–1804), widow of Prince Mikhail Alekseevich Volkonsky; daughter of the fleet captain-lieutenant Ivan Petrovich Shipov from his marriage to Princess Varvara Alekseevna Gorchakova.
Varvara Ivanovna Golitsyna (176. - 1804), ur. Shipova, in her first marriage, Princess Volkonskaya. Wife of F.N. Golitsyn (1851-1827).
The Golitsyn couple lived mainly in Moscow in their own house on Pokrovka; they spent the summer in their beloved Petrovsky estate. In her first marriage, Varvara Ivanovna had one son, Pavel, and to her second husband she gave birth to five more sons. After the birth of her youngest son, her health deteriorated so much that doctors insisted on the need to go abroad. Prince Golitsyn was forced to leave his service and take his sick wife to the city of Baregues in the Pyrenees, and then to Paris. The warm climate did not bring any benefit to Princess Varvara Ivanovna. She gradually faded away and died on September 14, 1804 in Paris. She was buried in the small cemetery Le Calvaire, in Montmartre, near the Sacré-Coeur Basilica.
Nikolai Fedorovich (1789-1860), a graduate of the Cadet Corps, adjutant of the infantry general Lobanov-Rostovsky. After retiring in 1816, he entered service in the archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Empire in Moscow, and from 1833 he became a state councilor. In 1817, he married Anna Fedorovna Bakhmeteva (1799-1842), on the occasion of their wedding, one of her contemporaries wrote: “Golitsyn’s eldest son, who looks like him like two peas in a pod, and in addition is always suffering from gumboil, marries mlle Bakhmeteva . She is not beautiful, but she sings beautifully, is an excellent musician, is well brought up and has a decent fortune.”[3] The marriage was childless. He was buried with his wife in the Simonov Monastery in Moscow.
Prince Nikolai Fedorovich Golitsyn (1789-1860)
Ivan Fedorovich (1792-1835), godson of Shuvalov, served as a column leader, then in the Life Guards Hussar Regiment, colonel, retired from 1820, and was engaged in housekeeping. In 1831, he entered the service as director of the secret part of the Office of the Moscow Governor-General, Prince D.V. Golitsyn. He died suddenly unmarried on his Novomikhailovsky estate.
Prince Ivan Fedorovich Golitsyn
Fedor Fedorovich, nicknamed Fifi (12/07/1793[4]—1854), was born in St. Petersburg, baptized in the St. Nicholas Epiphany Naval Cathedral under the patronage of I. I. Shuvalov and Countess A. I. Golovina; began serving in the Ministry of Justice, then was director of the Debt Repayment Commission, chamberlain, diplomat, and served as an attorney in Holland. In 1847, having lost his sight, he settled in St. Petersburg, where he died. He was single, but had a pupil, Feodorina Millot, who married Doctor of Medicine Monkevich in 1856.
Alexander Fedorovich (1796-1866), chamberlain, member of the State Council, active privy councilor, since 1821 married to Countess Nadezhda Ivanovna Kutaisova (1796-1868).
Prince Alexander Fedorovich Golitsyn
Nadezhda Ivanovn Golitsyna, born. Countess Kutaisova (1796–1868)
Mikhail Fedorovich (1800-1873), master of the horse, privy councilor, Bogorodsk and Zvenigorod district marshal of the nobility, philanthropist and collector, since 1832 married to Countess Louise Trofimovna Baranova (1810-1887).
Prince Mikhail Fedorovich Golitsyn (1800-1873) - trustee of the Golitsyn Hospital.
Prince Mikhail Fedorovich Golitsyn (1800-1873)
Prince Mikhail Fedorovich Golitsyn (1800-1873)
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Series of messages “***Golitsyns 1”:
Part 1 - Princess Evdokia (Avdotya) Ivanovna Golitsyna, nee Izmailova - “Queen of the Night”. Part 2 - Princess Elena Alexandrovna Naryshkina, Suvorov in her first marriage, Golitsyna in her second. ... Part 30 - Prince Andrei Mikhailovich Golitsyn - Tula and Belarusian governor general. Part 31 - Princess Praskovya Andreevna Golitsyna, née Countess Shuvalova. Part 32 - Prince Fyodor Nikolaevich Golitsyn - curator of Moscow University. Part 33 - Prince Vladimir Mikhailovich Golitsyn is an honorary citizen of the city of Moscow. Part 34 - Prince Mikhail Fedorovich Golitsyn - Colonel of the Russian Army... Part 48 - His Serene Highness Prince Vladimir Dmitrievich Golitsyn - Chief of the Horse of the Imperial Court, participant in the Caucasian War. Part 49 - His Serene Highness Prince Boris Dmitrievich Golitsyn, commander of the Life Guards Rifle Battalion of the Imperial Family Part 50 - His Serene Highness Prince Dmitry Borisovich Golitsyn - cavalry general, hero of the Russian-Turkish War of 1877-1878
