God and Lord. Why are such names of God found in the Bible?

LORD

(Mr., Sovereign).

The name “master” denotes among people the higher, in comparison with others, position of the one who orders and disposes.

Examples: Lord of the Vineyard Matt. 20, 8; master over domestic servants Gen. 24, 9. John. 13, 16; lord (head) of the family Gen. 3, 16; 1 Peter 3, 16. The use of the word “master” is therefore an acknowledgment of such a superior position. 1 Sam. 26, 17. Matt. 15, 27. Acts. 16, 30, etc.

God, as the Creator of heaven and earth, is lord over everything;

therefore one must honor Him above all else and accordingly obey Him.

God is Ruler over all: Deut. 10, 17; 1 Tim. 6, 15; Nav. 3, 11; Mich. 4, 13.

He must be obeyed and given honor above everyone and everything. Small 1, 6. Psalm. 8, 2. Matt. 11, 25.

Upon returning from Babylonian captivity, it became a custom to avoid pronouncing the name of God “Jahweh”, so as not to violate the commandments in Ex. 20, 7; it was supposed not to be pronounced at all: therefore, in the Old Testament, wherever this name occurs, the vowels of the word “Lord” (Adonai) were connected to the consonants of the word “Jahwe” as a sign that this last one should be read. In the Russian translation, the name “Iagve” or “Agve” corresponds to the name “Lord” or “Lord God” Ex. 2, 4; Is. 28, 16.

The meaning of the word “Jahweh” is clear from that place in the book of Exodus (Exodus 3:14), where God from the fiery bush tells Moses His name: “I am who I am,” and commands him to say to the children of Israel: “I am who has sent me to you.” . – The word “Jahwe” is used in the 3rd person, therefore – “He is” the Lord

The word “Jehovah” we use was made up of the consonants of the word “Jahwe” and the vowels of the word “Adonai”.

Particularly common among the prophets is the name of God “Lord of hosts,” i.e., Lord of powers and armies. This refers, of course, to the heavenly hosts; at least the word “zeba” (singular plural – “Zebaoth”) is also applied to the host of Angels, for example. 1 Sam. 22, 19 and to a myriad of stars, for example. Is. 40, 26. Perhaps at the same time we should think about the endless and limitless possibilities of the creative power of God, creating everything in immense quantity - not only Angels and stars, but also people, animals and plants, and dominating the entire universe.

The title “Lord” is also due to the dignity of the One whom God sent into the world as His Son,

and exalted him again after His work was completed.

The disciples called Jesus “Lord” already during His earthly life, and He confirmed to them that this title rightfully belongs to Him; He also pointed out to the Pharisees that in Psalm 109 David calls the Messiah his Lord, despite the fact that the Messiah is His son (descendant). Mf. 22, 43, etc. Luke. 5:8, 12:41. John 13, 13.

After the resurrection and ascension of Jesus, this title, “Lord,” acquires its full meaning only in His Church. From that time on, it signifies the royal power of Christ and becomes a connecting link for the members of His Church, an external and internal link, indicating that Jesus Christ is their Lord and Master. Phil. 2, 9–11. Mf. 28, 18. Acts. 2, 36. Rom. 1:7, 10:9, 14:9.

"In the Lord" His faithful have a foundation for their inner and outer life; everything that happens to them, what they do and what they experience - everything happens “in the Lord,” that is, a person acts, looking at Him, in connection with Him, under His guidance, in His power; and “in Him” all the faithful are merged into one whole - His Church. Col. 2:6, 7. John. 15, 5. Rom. 8, 1.

Talks about walking in the Lord Col. 2:6, 7; about working in the Lord 1 Thess. 5, 12. Rom. 16, 12; about speaking and witnessing in the Lord 2 Cor. 11, 17. Eph. 4, 17; about joy in the Lord Philip. 4, 4; about rest in the Lord 1 Cor. 15, 18. Paul calls Tychicus a beloved brother and a faithful servant and co-worker in the Lord Col. 4, 7; himself - a prisoner in the Lord Ephesus. 4:1, and the church at Ephesus is a light in the Lord. Christians are brothers in the Lord Philip. 4, 1; one minded in the Lord Philip. 4:2 and increase into the holy temple of the Lord, Ephesus. 2, 21.

Meaning of the word lord

Lord
husband of old, sir, master; now, the Most High, the Lord, God, the Creator. Have mercy on me, Lord. The Lord riches and exalts, humbles and humbles. The Lord also fed the Jews with manna. Lord have mercy, it’s not hard (not a sin) to say, if only there was something to have mercy on. Glory to you, Lord, we slept until the light of day! The Lord's, belonging to the Lord, relating to him. The Lord's Prayer, Our Father. The fire is from the Lord's mercy, from a thunderstorm. The Lord, characteristic of the Lord, belonging to His essence. The Lord's mercy. Just think - grief; but if you change your mind, the power of the Lord! Sunday is not our day, but the Lord's. Mistress of women Sunday, Sunday afternoon. Mister Husband old, used it makes no difference instead of Lord and Sovereign; lord, owner, holding power in a place or in a house; master, landowner, owner; to whom children, household and servants are submissive, or who has subordinates. Master honors people by rank, their position, but it is not typical for us to put this word before the nickname, as they do in the West (Herr, monsieur). Mister merchant, Mister cavalier. In the old days, Novgorod and Pskov, in the people's government, were honorably called master. Mister great Novgorod. Bishha to all Mr. Pskov. Gentlemen many , sound used as an appeal, an appeal in speech to listeners. Under Peter? They said: gentlemen, senate, instead of senators. In the old days, gentlemen, use as collected , female Before the Lord, before the Lords, before the Lords. I am my own master, my will, I am free. A master who is strong in his word is faithful to his word. Serve two masters, please neither. Sir, like a carpenter, he cut out whatever he wanted. Bondage is for the slave, but will is for the master. Not according to the house is the lord, but the house according to the lord. Live as a slave, and perhaps you will become a master. From the same gentlemen, only from the very bottom. A good master is the master of money, and a bad master is a servant. And the ram gets money, sir. Be true to your word. May God grant you to live and live in the master. As the master has, so has the master, Marker's wit: nothing. Mrs. mistress, and therefore is sometimes given to the Mother of God; owner, lady, mistress; sometimes placed before a woman's title or nickname. It is not for the servants to wake up the mistress, but for the mistress to wake up the servants. Mistress of women , tver. , resin lady, mistress of the house; sometimes there is a housewife who cooks the brew. My Lord - seven vegetable gardens, one melon! Gentleman husband contemptuously or reproachfully. Lord husband. gentlewoman in the old days also goslodicich husband. boyarchenok, barchenok, barcha, master's son. Mistress wife zap. Mother of God; That’s why the two-week fast before the Day of the Assumption and this day itself (August 15) is called: lady’s day, or lady’s day, lady’s day
Dahl's Dictionary

Church of St. Spiridon Trimifuntsky of Pokrovsk (Engels)

“God” and “Lord” - what is the difference?

Priest Afanasy Gumerov, resident of the Sretensky Monastery, answers:

Photo by Ivan Privalov

The Holy Scriptures give several names of God, each of which conveys a certain property of the inherently incomprehensible Creator of heaven and earth. The names God and Lord are the most common in biblical texts. The first name translators translated into Slavic and Russian was the Hebrew word Elohim. It appears about 2,500 times in the Bible. Most often it is used when talking about the one true God. It is opposed to idols – false “gods”. The plural form (the ending “im” is added to masculine plural nouns) of the name Elohim does not indicate the multitude of gods (the verb with the word Elohim is always singular), but the greatness and inexhaustibility of the Divine properties. In the Greek Bible (Septuagint) this name is rendered by the word Theos.

The word Lord in our Bible translates a name that appears more than 6,000 times. Jews from ancient times did not pronounce it because of reverent fear. By design, it is a word consisting of four letters (Tetragrammaton) - YHWH. Translators of the Holy Scriptures into Greek render it as Kyurios (Lord). Most often it is used when speaking about the Divine as an absolute, eternal, original Being: “I am who I am” (Ex. 3:14).

The word "God" in Russian and other languages

In different languages, the word “God” is related to different words and concepts. They talk about the properties of God.

In Russian and other languages of Slavic origin belonging to the Indo-European group, the word “God”, according to linguists, is related to the Sanskrit bhaga

, which means “gifter, endower”, in turn coming from
bhagas
- “property”, “happiness”.
“Wealth” is also related to the word “God”. This expresses the idea of God as the fullness of being, as all-perfection and bliss, which, however, do not remain within
the Divine, but are poured out onto the world, people, and all living things.
God bestows, endows
us with His fullness, His wealth, when we join Him.

Saint Gregory the Theologian believed that the Greek name theos (Theos)

from the verb
ethein
- “to kindle”, “to burn”, “to burn”: “For the Lord your God is a consuming fire, a jealous God,” says the Bible (Deut. 4:24); The Apostle Paul also speaks these words, pointing to God’s ability to destroy and burn up all evil (Heb. 12:29). “God is fire, and the devil is cold,” write Saints Barsanuphius and John. “God is a fire that warms and ignites hearts and wombs,” says St. Seraphim of Sarov. - So, if we feel coldness in our hearts, which is from the devil... let us call on the Lord: He will come and warm our hearts with perfect love not only for Him, but also for our neighbor. And from the face of warmth the coldness of the hater of good will flee.”

In languages of Germanic origin, the word “God” is the English God

, German
Gott
- comes from a verb meaning "to prostrate", to fall in worship.

The name with which God revealed himself to the ancient Jews was Yahweh

(Yahweh) means "He who is", having existence, having being, it comes from the verb
hayah
- to be, to exist, or rather from the first person of this verb
ehieh
- "I am." However, this verb has a dynamic meaning: it means not just the fact of existence in itself, but a certain always actual being, a living and active presence. When God says to Moses, “I am who I am” (Ex. 3:14), it means: I live, I am here, I am near you. At the same time, this name emphasizes the superiority of the existence of God over the existence of everything that exists: it is an independent, primary, eternal existence, it is the fullness of existence, which is superexistence.

“In its meaning, the Being supernaturally surpasses the entire totality of being, being the sole Cause and Creator of all things: matter, essence, existence, being; Existence is the beginning and measure of eternity, the cause of time and the measure of time for everything that exists, and in general the becoming of everything that becomes. From Existence come eternity, essence, existence, time, becoming and becoming, since in Existence all things exist - both changing and unchangeable... God is not just Existence, but Existence, Whom eternally and infinitely contains the totality of all forms of being - both present and future,” writes the author of the treatise “On the Divine Names” Dionysius the Areopagite.

An ancient tradition says that the Jews in the era after the Babylonian captivity did not pronounce the name Yahweh - Jehovah out of reverent awe of this name. Only the high priest, once a year, when he entered the Holy of Holies to burn incense, could pronounce this name inside. If a simple person or even a priest in a temple wanted to say something about God, he replaced the name Jehovah with other names or said “heaven.” There was also such a tradition: when it was necessary to say “God,” a person fell silent and put his hand to his heart or pointed his hand to the sky, and everyone understood that we were talking about God, but the sacred Name

was not pronounced.

By refraining from pronouncing the name of God, the Jews showed that one can become familiar with God not so much through words and descriptions as through reverent and reverent silence.

Name "Lord"

In the Gospel we read the parable of the lord of the vineyard: “When evening came, the lord said

of the vineyard to your steward: call the workers and give them their wages, beginning from the last to the first” (see the entire parable in Matthew 20:1-15). The Lord here means the Lord Jesus Christ Himself.

The name “master” denotes among people the higher, in comparison with others, position of the one who orders and disposes. God, as the Creator of heaven and earth, is lord over everything;

therefore one must honor Him above all else and accordingly obey Him.

God is Ruler over all: Deut. 10, 17; 1 Tim. 6, 15; Nav. 3, 11; Mich. 4, 13.

He must be obeyed and given honor above everyone and everything. Small 1, 6. Psalm. 8, 2. Matt. 11, 25.

Upon returning from Babylonian captivity, it became a custom to avoid pronouncing the name of God “Jahweh,” as written above, so as not to violate the commandments in Exodus. 20, 7; it was supposed not to be pronounced at all: therefore, in the Old Testament, wherever this name occurs, the vowels of the word “Lord” (Adonai) were connected to the consonants of the word “Jahwe” as a sign that this last one should be read. In the Russian translation, the name “Jahve” or “Agve” corresponds to the name “Lord” or “Lord God” (Ex. 2, 4; Is. 28, 16).

The word “Jehovah” we use was made up of the consonants of the word “Jahwe” and the vowels of the word “Adonai”.

Particularly common among the prophets is the name of God “Lord of hosts,” i.e., Lord of powers and armies. This refers, of course, to the heavenly hosts.

The title “Lord” is also due to the dignity of the One whom God sent into the world as His Son,

and exalted him again after His work was completed.

Holy Trinity and Jesus Christ

God is one in essence, but three in persons: Father, Son and Holy Spirit

, – The Trinity is consubstantial and indivisible.
The unity of Three
persons who endlessly love each other: God is love (1 John 4:16).

The mutual relationship between the Persons of the Most Holy Trinity is that God the Father is not born and does not come from another person; The Son of God is eternally born from God the Father; and the Holy Spirit proceeds eternally from God the Father. All three Persons of the Holy Trinity, in essence and properties, are completely equal to each other. Just as God the Father is the true God, so God the Son is the true God, so God the Holy Spirit is the true God, but all three Persons are one Deity - one God.

How one God exists in three Persons is a mystery incomprehensible to our minds: but we believe according to the testimony of Divine Revelation. The mystery of the Holy Trinity was revealed to us by the Lord Jesus Christ Himself, sending the apostles to preach. He said: “go and teach all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit.” »

(Matthew 28:19). It is impossible to know the Father without believing in the Divinity of the Son: “We also know that the Son of God came and gave us light and understanding, that we might know the true God and that we might be in His true Son Jesus Christ. This is the true God and eternal life” (1 John 5:20).

As you can see, Jesus Christ is called both God and Lord. Just like the Holy Trinity we can call the Lord. There is this mention in the Old Testament - the Lord of hosts. Sabaoth from the Hebrew “tzevaot” is literally translated as “(Lord) of Hosts.” This is one of the names of God, emphasizing His omnipotence, as well as the fact that He is the Ruler of the world.

But more often now we are accustomed to calling Jesus Christ by the name Lord. It is necessary to remember here the Gospel of John, when the meeting of the Apostle Thomas with the risen Lord takes place. When Christ appeared to the disciples, Thomas was not with them. And he told everyone that if he himself did not see Jesus’ wounds, he would not believe (see John 20:25). And when the Lord again appears with the doors locked, already in the presence of Thomas, “he says to Thomas: put your finger here and look at my hands; give me your hand and place it in my side; and do not be an unbeliever, but a believer. Thomas answered Him: My Lord and my God! (John 20:27-28).

This is the interpretation that Blessed Theophylact of Bulgaria gives us on the words of the Apostle Thomas: “See how the one who at first did not believe, from a touch on the rib, became an excellent theologian. For he preached two natures and one person in one Christ. Having said “Lord,” he confessed human nature; for “Lord” is also used about people, for example: “Lord! if you endured Him” (John 20:15). And having said “My God,” he confessed the divine being and thus confessed the One and the same Lord and God.”

Prepared by Natalya Morozova Website materials used:

1. ABC of faith

2. Pravmir

3. Orthodoxy.RU

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Lord and God: how do these concepts differ?

In Christianity, there is an established idea of the “names of God”, which has roots in the Holy Scriptures, and in particular in the Old Testament, where biblical scholars count about a hundred different names of God.

In ancient times, the name was given a sacred meaning. In the study “The Sacred Mystery of the Church,” Metropolitan Hilarion Alfeev, considering the history of the development of the doctrine of the names of God, and referring to the opinions of theologians (in particular, Archimandrite Neofit Osipov, Professor Oscar Kuhlman) writes that in the Old Testament tradition the name was revered not just as a “title” an object or person, but an absolute expression of its essence. But, since it is believed that God in His essence is unknowable, then each of the names is only an attempt to express a certain property inherent in the Creator. The most common names in Scripture are “God” and “Lord.”

The word “God” was translated into the Slavic language from the Hebrew “Elohim”, that is, deity. In the Greek translation of the Bible, called the Septuagint, it was translated by the word "Theos". “Elohim,” grammatically, means “gods,” however, the word is used in relation to the one Creator and in the texts is adjacent to the singular number of other parts of speech. Researchers believe that in this way the greatness of God was denoted, and the name itself expressed God as Creator and Creator.

The word “Lord” has a more complex history. According to Scripture, on Mount Sinai, in addition to the commandments, God revealed His name to Moses. Translated into Russian, it sounds like “I am the existing / existing” (Book of Exodus, 3:14). In ancient Hebrew writing, vowels were not indicated, so in writing this name consisted of four consonant letters, which in Latin transcription look like YHWH. This letter combination is called the Tetragrammaton. In Judaism since Old Testament times, it was considered sacred and was forbidden to be spoken out loud; researchers believe that it is read roughly as “Yahweh.” During temple prayers, the Jews usually used another word instead - “Adonai,” which means “Lord.” In Greek it was translated as "Kyrios". Traditionally, this name expressed such properties of God as mercy and justice. In the Christian tradition, the attitude to the name is different than in the Old Testament, and therefore there is no sacred difference between the use of the concepts “God” and “Lord” that is significant for the life of a Christian.