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Archangels
Michael
Main article: Archangel Michael
"Archangel Michael"
XIII century, St. Catherine's Monastery
archangel Michael
(ancient Hebrew מיכאל,
Michael
- “Who is like God”; Greek Αρχάγγελος Μιχαήλ) is the main archangel, one of the most revered biblical characters.
Michael's name is mentioned several times at the end of the Book of Daniel:
- “ But the prince of the kingdom of Persia stood against me twenty-one days;
but behold, Michael, one of the first princes, came to help me, and I remained there with the kings of Persia ” (Dan. 10:13). - “ However, I will tell you what is written in the true Scripture;
and there is no one who will support me in this except Michael your prince ” (Dan. 10:21). - And also in the prophecy about the Last Judgment and the role of the Archangel Michael in it:
And at that time Michael will arise, the great prince who stands for the sons of your people; and a time of trouble will come, such as has not happened since people existed until now; But at that time all of your people who are found written in the book will be saved.
- Dan. 12:1
Christian tradition also identifies the following references to angels, not named, with the actions of the Archangel Michael:[13]
- appearance to Balaam: “ and the Angel of the Lord stood on the road to hinder him
” (Num. 22:22); - appearance to Joshua: “ and behold a man stood before him, and in his hand was a naked sword
” and further he is called
the Captain of the army of the Lord
(Joshua 5:13–15); - the destruction of 185 thousand soldiers of the Assyrian king Sennacherib (2 Kings 19:35);
- salvation of the three youths in the furnace of fire: “ Blessed is the God of Shadrach, Meshach and Abednego, who sent His angel and delivered His servants
” (Dan. 3:95).
“Michael the Archangel defeating the devil”,
Raphael, 1518
The book “Guide to Painting Icons of Saints” says that Saint Archangel Michael “ is depicted trampling (treading underfoot) Lucifer and, as a winner, holding a green date branch in his left hand on his chest, and in his right hand a spear, on top of which white banner with a red cross to commemorate the victory of the Cross over the devil
».[14]
He was the first to rebel against Lucifer (Satan), when he rebelled against the Almighty. It is known how this war ended, with the overthrow of the Lucifer (Satan) from heaven. Since then, Archangel Michael has not ceased to fight for the glory of the Creator and Lord of all, for the cause of salvation of the human race, for the church and its children.
Therefore, for those who are adorned with the name of the first of the Archangels, it is most fitting to be distinguished by zeal for the glory of God, loyalty to the King of Heaven and the kings of the earth, constant war against vice and wickedness, constant humility and self-sacrifice.[15]
— Innocent, Archbishop of Kherson
Celebration in the Orthodox Church on November 21 (November 8, Old Style) and September 19 (September 6, Old Style) in memory of the miracle of the Archangel Michael in Chonekh (Colossae); in Catholic - May 8 and September 29.
Gabriel
Archangel Gabriel, Novgorod icon of the 12th century
Main article: Archangel Gabriel
Archangel Gabriel
(ancient Hebrew גבריאל - the power of God) Mentioned in the following biblical books: Dan. 8:16, 9:21 and Luke. 1:19, 1:26.
In the Bible he is called an angel, but in the tradition of the Christian Church he acts as an archangel - one of the highest angels. In the Old and New Testaments he appears as the bearer of joyful tidings. He announces to the priest Zechariah in the temple, during the offering of incense, the birth of John the Baptist, and to the Virgin Mary in Nazareth - about the birth of Jesus Christ. Considered the guardian angel of the chosen people. Kabbalists consider him the teacher of Patriarch Joseph. According to Muslim teachings, the Prophet Muhammad received his revelations from him. On the icons he is depicted with a candle and a jasper mirror as a sign that the ways of God are not clear until time, but are comprehended over time by studying the word of God and obedience to the voice of conscience.
Archangel Gabriel is commemorated in the Orthodox Church on March 26 and July 13 (according to the Julian calendar).
Archangel Gabriel, as explained in the “Guide to Writing Icons,” “ is depicted holding a lantern with a candle lit inside in his right hand, and a stone mirror in his left hand.”
".[16] This mirror made of green jasper (jasper) with black and white spots on it, illuminated by the light of truth, reflects the good and bad deeds of nations, proclaims to people the secrets of God’s economy and the salvation of mankind.
Raphael
Archangel Raphael, painting by Murillo Saint Archangel Raphael
Main article: Archangel Raphael
Archangel Raphael
(ancient Hebrew רפאל,
Rephael
- “the Lord healed”).
Mentioned in the book of Tobit (3:16; 12:12-15). Raphael in Aramaic means " Healing of God
" or "
Healing of God
". According to Jewish midrash, Raphael cured the pain that Abraham experienced after he circumcised himself. In Islam, the archangel Raphael is the one who will usher in the Day of Judgment.
In the “Guide to Writing Icons” it is reported that: “ Archangel Raphael, the doctor of human ailments: is depicted holding a vessel (alavaster) with medicinal means (medicine) in his left hand, and in his right hand a pod, that is, a clipped bird feather for anointing wounds
».[17]
Barachiel
Archangel Barachiel
Main article: Archangel Barachiel
Archangel Barachiel
(blessing of God) - not mentioned in the Bible, known only from the “revelation” of Amadeus of Portugal.
In the book “ Guide to the Writing of Icons”
"It is reported about him: "
The Holy Archangel Barachiel, the dispenser of God's blessings and intercessor, asking for God's blessings for us: he is depicted carrying white roses on his chest on his clothes, as if rewarding, by the command of God, for the prayers, works and moral behavior of people and foretelling bliss and endless peace in the Kingdom of Heaven
."[18] White roses are a symbol of God's blessing.
Since the blessings of God are varied, the ministry of this Angel is also varied: through him the blessing of God is sent to every deed, to every good activity in life.[19] — Saint Innocent of Kherson
Selaphiel
Archangel Selaphiel
Main article: Archangel Selaphiel
Archangel Selaphiel
(
Salafiel
; ancient Hebrew שאלתיאל - “prayer to God”). Mentioned only in the apocryphal Third Book of Esdras (3 Esdras 5:16).
“And so the Lord gave us a whole crowd of prayer angels, with their leader Salafiel, so that with the pure breath of their lips they would warm our cold hearts to prayer, so that they would instruct us when and how to pray, so that they would lift up our very offerings to the throne of grace. When you see, brethren, on the icon the Archangel standing in a position of prayer, with his eyes downcast, with his hands reverently placed on his chest (chest), then know that this is Salafiel.”[20]
The “Guide to the Writing of Icons” says about him: “ The Holy Archangel Salafiel, a man of prayer, always praying to God for people and inciting people to prayer. He is depicted with his face and eyes bowed (lowered) down, and his hands pressed (folded) with a cross on his chest, as if tenderly praying
».[21]
Yehudiel
Archangel Yehudiel
Main article: Archangel Yehudiel
Archangel Yehudiel
(praise God). This name is known only from the “revelation” of Amadeus of Portugal; his name is not mentioned in the canonical texts.
The name of the Archangel Yehudiel translated into Russian means “ Glorifier of God”
" or "
Praise of God
".
Guided by these translations, icon painters placed similar epithets on his images. Thus, the inscription on the fresco of the Annunciation Cathedral says: “ to have the ministry of establishing people who work in chess or, for the glory of God, to intercede for them reward
.”
As explained in the “Guide to the Writing of Icons,” Jehudiel “ is depicted holding a golden crown in his right hand, as a reward from God for useful and pious works to holy people, and in his left hand a scourge of three black ropes with three ends, as a punishment for sinners for laziness to pious works
».[18]
Innocent of Kherson writes about him: “ Each of us, from young to old, is obliged to live and work for the glory of God. The greater the feat, the higher and brighter the reward. In the right hand of the Archangel is not just a crown: it is a reward for every Christian who works for the glory of God
».[22]
Uriel
Archangel Uriel, St John's Church, Wiltshire, England
Main article: Archangel Uriel
Archangel Uriel
(ancient Hebrew אוּרִיאֵל - “the light of God, or God is the light”). Mentioned in the apocryphal Third Book of Esdras (3 Esdras 4:1; 5:20).
According to the apocrypha - the Third Book of Ezra, the archangel Uriel was appointed by God to guard Paradise after the Fall and the expulsion of Adam. According to Orthodox theologians, Uriel, being the radiance of the divine fire, is the enlightener of the darkened, unbelievers and ignorant, and the very name of the archangel, corresponding to his special ministry, means “Fire of God” or “Light of God”.
According to the iconographic canon, Uriel “ is depicted holding a naked sword in his right hand against his chest, and a fiery flame in his left
».[17]
Innocent of Kherson, in his essay on the archangels, writes the following about Uriel: “ As an Angel of light, he enlightens the minds of people with the revelation of truths useful to them; like the Angel of Divine fire, he inflames hearts with love for God and destroys impure earthly attachments in them
».[23]
Jeremiel
Main article: Archangel Jeremiel
Archangel Jeremiel
(height of God). Mentioned only in the Third Book of Ezra (3 Esdras 4:36.).
The Biblical Encyclopedia of Archimandrite Nikephoros reports the following about him:
In the 3rd book of Ezra (4:36) the Archangel Jeremiel (the height of God) is also mentioned. He was present at the first conversation between Archangel Uriel and the priest Ezra and answered the latter’s question about the signs preceding the end of the sinful world and about the beginning of the eternal kingdom of the righteous.[24]
Based on the meaning of the name (Jeremiel - “Height of God”), theologians believe that he is sent from God to man to promote the elevation and return of man to God. He is depicted holding scales in his right hand.
