Prophets of Islam history and biographies

Belief in messengers and prophets is the fourth pillar of iman. A Muslim must believe that the messengers (rasul) are the most honorable and beloved servants of Allah, whom He chose, revealed to them and sent to the nations to call them to the true religion. The first is Adam (peace be upon him), and the last is Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him!). Previous messengers were sent to certain peoples and at certain times. And the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) was sent to all humanity. His message will be valid and will remain until the End of the World. He is the last Prophet and Messenger, the final link in the chain of prophets.

Messengers (rasul) and prophets (nabis) are special slaves of Allah, chosen by Him from all mankind and who received revelation from Allah. But the messengers, unlike the prophets (nabis), also received the command to bring revelation to the people. And the prophets were not charged with the duty of bringing to people revelations received from Allah; they, by their example and actions, helped people follow the path prescribed by Allah. All messengers are also prophets, but not all prophets are messengers. Only Allah knows the exact number of prophets. Some scholars say that there were more than 124 thousand prophets, and of them 313 were messengers.

They do not become prophets; they are chosen by the Almighty.

As evidence of the prophetic mission, Allah endowed prophets with special abilities, not typical of other people, to perform miracles, called mujizat. For example, the staff of the prophet Musa turned into a snake, the prophet Isa could heal the sick and resurrect the dead, the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) split the moon, gave his army water to drink from his fingers, stones spoke to him. The Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) performed the most miracles, and his greatest miracle is the Holy Quran.

As has already been said, the first prophet and messenger was the first man - Adam, he worshiped only Allah. But over time, some descendants of Adam began to move away from the religion of Allah and distort it. To guide them to the path of truth, Allah sent messengers and prophets to them. But people again forgot about the instructions given to them through the prophets. And every time when peoples, succumbing to the suggestions of the devil, for the sake of selfish goals departed from the true religion, Allah, in His mercy, sent prophets to them to guide them on the right path. The Creator never left people without explanations about the need to follow the true path. If people did not have the opportunity to follow what was prescribed, then it would be unfair to punish them for errors.

Man distorted the true religion and moved away from it. He attributed to the Creator the qualities of His creations, and attributed His qualities to the creations of Allah, changed religion in accordance with his own ideas about the universe, replacing the orders of the Almighty with invented norms and customs, which led to the moral degradation of society and unbelief.

Each of the prophets and messengers confirmed the truth of the previous one and announced the next. They all called for Monotheism, observance of the commands and prohibitions of the Almighty, and there was complete continuity between them. One or more prophets were sent to each nation to show people the path of truth. They preached the truth in a form accessible to a given people at a given stage of development.

We cannot and are not obliged to know the names of all of them, but we must know the names of the 25 prophets that are mentioned in the Koran:

Adam, Idris (biblical Enoch) , Nuh (Noah), Hud, Salih , Ibrahim (Abraham), Lut (Lot), Ishmael (Ishmael), Isaac (Isaac), Ya'kub (Jacob), Yusuf (Joseph), Ayub (Job), Shu 'ayb (Jethro), Musa (Moses), Harun (Aaron), Dhul-Kifli (Bishir), Dawood (David), Sulayman (Solomon), Ilyas (Elijah), Al-Yasa ' (Elisha) , Yunus (Jonah), Zakariya (Zechariah), Yahya (John), Isa (Jesus), peace be upon them all, and the seal of all the prophets is Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon them) .

Some theologians also consider Zul-Qarnain, Khizri, Lukmanai Yusha, who are mentioned in the Koran, to be prophets, while others call them holy people (avliya).

Prophets are the best, most valuable creations of the Almighty. Among them, the most revered are the messengers, and among the messengers there are five: Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), Ibrahim, Musa, Isa and Nuh, peace be upon them all. They are called "ulul-azmi" ("those with strong determination"). Their significance corresponds to the given order of listing. Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) is the best creation of Allah, the most valuable of His creations and the Lord of all prophets, for whose sake all humanity was created.

Proof of the truth of messengers and prophets are the miracles that Allah Almighty bestowed on them and the special qualities inherent in them.

History of the Prophets | Prophets of Islam

Names of the prophets mentioned in the Koran, biographies of the Prophets of Islam from Adam to Shuaib. List of prominent personalities with full descriptions.

Prophet Adam أدم (Peace be upon Him)

The first man, Nabi Lived 960 years. 10 scrolls of the Holy Scriptures (Suhuf) were revealed to Prophet Adam Peace be upon him.

Prophet IDRIS إدريس (Peace be upon Him)

. He lived on earth for 360 years, then was taken up to heaven alive. Grandson of Prophet Shis in the fifth generation. 30 scrolls were revealed to Idris alaihis salam. Idris is mentioned twice in the Qur'an: Remember in the Scripture Idris: Verily, he was a righteous man and a prophet. We have raised him to a high place. Maryam 19:56-57 He is considered the first who wrote in kalam, sewed and wore embroidered clothes, knew how to count time, was an expert in the ancient Scriptures of Adam and Shis (Seth). He is a Prophet, Preacher, Mathematician, Astronomer.

Prophet Nuh نوح Peace be upon Him

(Noah in the Bible) lived 950 years. Signs and Wonders: Noah's Ark. Events: The Great Flood. The 71st sura of the Quran “NUH” is named in his honor. “And build up the ark in Our sight, and according to Our revelation, and do not ask Me for those who do wrong, for they will be drowned” (11:37).

Prophet Hud هود Peace be upon Him

(Heber in the Bible). Prophet Hud is mentioned in seven places in the Quran. Surah Hud. Sura 11 of the Koran, which is called “Hud,” describes the events that occurred between the Prophet Hud and his people. People of Huda alayhis salaam "Adita".

Prophet Salih صالح Peace be upon Him.

The story of Salih peace be upon him, his people the Thamudians and the miracle of the camel is mentioned in the Quran and in the Hadith of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ.

Prophet Ibrahim إبراهيم Peace be upon him.

10 scrolls were revealed to Prophet Ibrahim. The Prophet Ibrahim has several nicknames: Khalilullah - “friend of Allah”, Imam - “head of the community”, Syddyk - “Truthful”, Hanif - “professor of monotheism”. The term millat Ibrahim, “People of Ibrahim,” used in the Qur’an implies Monotheism and Islam.

Prophet Lut لوط Peace be upon Him.

nephew of the Prophet Ibrahim Alaihis-salam.

Prophet Ismail إسماءيل Peace be upon Him

,The first son of the Prophet Ibrahim Alaihis-salam.

Prophet Ishaq إسحاق Peace be upon Him

, second son of Prophet Ibrahim.

Prophet Yaqub (Yakub) يعقوب Peace be upon Him.

Son of Prophet Ishaq and grandson of Prophet Ibrahim Peace be upon them. Allah gave him the middle name Israel. He is the forefather of all Jews. Also the father of Prophet Yusuf alayhis salam.

Prophet Yusuf يوسف Peace be upon Him.

Son of the Prophet Yaqub Alaihis-salam. Yusuf was distinguished by his extraordinary beauty and also had the ability to interpret dreams. Identified with the biblical Prophet Joseph. The 12th sura of the Koran “Yusuf”, consisting of 111 verses, is dedicated to the story of his life; it is mentioned 27 times in the Koran.

Prophet Ayyub أيوب Peace be upon him.

(Job in the bible). Prophet Ayub Alaihis-salam is mentioned in the Holy Quran 4 times and is provided as an example of patience An-Nisa: 163, al-An'am: 84, al-Anbiya: 83, Sad: 41.

Prophet Shuaib شعيب Peace be upon Him.

(Jethro in the bible). Father-in-law of Prophet Musa Alaihis-salam.

Prophet Musa موسى Peace be upon Him.

Alaihis salaam (Moses in the Bible). Tavrat (Torah Holy Scripture) was sent down by the Almighty. Descendant of Prophet Yaqub Alaihis-salam.

Prophet Harun هارون Peace be upon Him.

Brother of Musa alayhis salaam descendant of Prophet Yaqub peace be upon him.

Prophet Dawud (Dawood) داود Peace be upon Him.

Descendant of Prophet Yaqub peace be upon him. Davud, prophet and righteous man, through whom the holy book Zabur (Psalter) was revealed. Mentioned 16 times in the Koran. Father of Prophet Suleiman. Identified with the biblical King David.

Prophet Suleiman سليمان Peace be upon Him.

Suleiman is the son of Prophet Dawood. From his father he learned a lot of knowledge and was chosen by Allah as a Prophet, and he was given mystical power over all creatures, animals, birds and insects and jinn. He ruled a huge kingdom. Suleiman was known for his wisdom and justice. Prophet (nabi) Mentions in the Quran: 17 times 27:15-44, 38:30-40, 34:12-18. Signs and Wonders: The ability to talk to animals, controlling the wind, associated characters Bilquis Events: The court of King Solomon, the completion of the Temple of Jerusalem.

Prophet Ilyas إلياس

— Prophet (nabi), sent to the people of Israel after the death of Prophet Suleiman. Mentioned in the Koran. Identified with the biblical prophet Elijah. In the Koran he is called a messenger (mursal), a righteous man (salih), and a believer (mumin).

Prophet Al-Yasa اليسع

Disciple of Prophet Ilyas, sent to the people of Israel after Prophet Ilyas (Elijah). Identified in the Bible as Elisha. Mentioned in the Koran.

Prophet Zulkifl ذو الكفل

- mentioned in the Qur'an among other Prophets. Identified with the Old Testament Prophet Ezekiel.

Prophet Yunus يونس Peace be upon Him.

Zun-Nun ذو النون - Owner of fish. Mentioned in the Koran. Identified with the biblical Prophet Jonah. The story of Prophet Yunus is unique; he was thrown into the sea and swallowed by a giant fish. While in her womb, he prayed to Allah and asked Him for help. The Almighty saved him from death and preserved his life by ordering the fish to throw Yunus ashore.

Prophet Zakariyya زكريا Peace be upon Him

, descendant of Prophet Yaqub peace be upon him. Prophet Yahya يحيى Peace be upon him, son of Prophet Zakaria peace be upon him.

Prophet Isa عيسى Peace be upon Him

, descendant of Prophet Yaqub peace be upon him. The Holy Scripture Injil (Gospel) was revealed.

Prophet Muhammad محمد

(peace and blessings of the Almighty be upon him!). The Holy Quran was revealed.

Muntaqa

The Quran mentions by name 25 prophets and messengers, about whose prophecy there is no disagreement:

Adam (آدم), peace and blessings of Allah be upon him. Allah Almighty said (meaning): . ” Cow, 31.
Idris (إدريس), peace and blessings of Allah be upon him. Allah Almighty said (meaning): “Remember Idris in the Scripture. Truly, he was a most truthful man and a prophet . Maryam, 56.
Nuh (نوح), peace and blessings of Allah be upon him. Allah Almighty said (meaning): “We sent Nuh (Noah) to his people: “Verily, I am for you an clarifying and warning warner . Hood, 25.
Hud (هود), peace and blessings of Allah be upon him. Allah Almighty said (meaning): “We sent their brother Hud to the Adites. He said: “O my people! Worship Allah, for you have no other god but Him. You are inventing lies . Hood, 50.
Salih (صالح), peace and blessings of Allah be upon him. Allah Almighty said (meaning): “We sent their brother Salih to the Thamudians. He said: “O my people! Worship Allah, for you have no other god but Him. He created you from the earth and settled you on it. Ask Him for forgiveness and then repent to Him. . " Hood, 61.
Ibrahim (إبراهيم), peace and blessings of Allah be upon him. Allah Almighty said (meaning): “Our messengers brought good news to Ibrahim (Abraham) and said: “Peace!” He said: “Peace be with you!” - and hurried to bring the roasted veal . Hood, 69.
Lut (لوط) nephew of Ibrahim, peace and blessings of Allah be upon them both. Allah Almighty said (meaning): “They said: “O Lut (Lot)! We are the messengers of your Lord, and they will not harm you. Hit the road with your family in the middle of the night, and don't let either of you look back. And only your wife will be amazed by what will amaze the rest. Their deadline will be in the morning. Isn’t the morning near?” Hood, 81.
Ismail (إسماعيل) son of Ibrahim, peace and blessings of Allah be upon them both. Allah Almighty said (meaning): “We commanded Ibrahim (Abraham) and Ismail (Ishmael) to cleanse My House (Kaaba) for those who circumambulate, abide, bow and prostrate . Cow, 125.
Ishaq (إسحاق) son of Ibrahim, peace and blessings of Allah be upon them both. Son of Ibrahim. Allah Almighty said (meaning): “We pleased him with the news of Ishaq (Isaac), a prophet from among the righteous. We blessed him and Ishaq (Isaac). Among their descendants there are those who do good and those who act clearly unjustly towards themselves . Standing in a row, 112-113.
Yaqub / Yaqub / Israil (يعقوب / إسرائيل) son of Ishaq, son of Ibrahim, peace and blessings of Allah be upon them all. Allah Almighty said (meaning): “When he withdrew from them and from what they worshiped besides Allah, We gave him Ishaq (Isaac) and Yaqub (Jacob). We made each of them a prophet . Maryam, 49. In another sura: “Any food was permitted to the children of Israel (Israel), except that which Israel (Israel) forbade himself before the revelation of the Taurat (Torah) . Imran's family, 93.
Yusuf / Yusuf (يوسف) son of Yaqub, son of Ishaq, son of Ibrahim, peace and blessings of Allah be upon them all. Allah Almighty said (meaning): “When Yusuf (Joseph) reached adulthood, We gave him the ability to make decisions and knowledge. This is how We reward those who do good . Yusuf, 22.
Dawud / Dawud (داود), peace and blessings of Allah be upon him. Allah Almighty said (meaning): “To Davud (David) We gave the Zabur (Psalter) . Women, 163.
Suleiman (سليمان) son of Daud, peace and blessings of Allah be upon them both. Allah Almighty said (meaning): “Suleiman (Solomon) succeeded Davud (David) and said: “O people! We have been taught the language of the birds and have been given everything. This is manifest superiority (or manifest mercy).” And his warriors from among the genies, people and birds were gathered to Suleiman (Solomon). They were divided into battle formations . Ants, 16-17.
Yunus / Yunus (يونس), peace and blessings of Allah be upon him. Allah Almighty said (meaning): “Were there any villages whose inhabitants believed after they saw the punishment, and faith helped them, except for the people of Yunus (Jonah)? When they believed, We delivered them from the shameful torment of worldly life and allowed them to enjoy worldly blessings until a certain time . Yunus, 98.
Ayyub / Ayub / Ayub (أيوب), peace and blessings of Allah be upon him. Allah Almighty said (meaning): “Remember also Ayub (Job), who cried to his Lord: “Verily, evil has touched me, and You are the Most Merciful of the merciful.” We answered his prayer, removed the evil that befell him and gave him his family and in addition as many more as a mercy from Us and as a warning to those who worship . Prophets, 83-84.
Dhul-Kifl / Dhu-l-Kifl (ذو الكفل), peace and blessings of Allah be upon him. Allah Almighty said (meaning): “Remember also Ismail (Ishmael), Idris, Dhul Kifla. They were all from among the patient ones . Prophets, 85.
Al-Yasaa / al-Yasaa / al-Yasa'a (اليسع), peace and blessings of Allah be upon him. Allah Almighty said (meaning): “...And also Ismail (Ishmael), Al-Yacaa (Elisha), Yunus (Jonah) and Lut (Lot). We exalted them all above the worlds . Scott, 86.
Ilyas (إلياس), peace and blessings of Allah be upon him. Allah Almighty said (meaning): “Ilyas (Elijah) was also one of the messengers . Standing in a row, 123.
Shuaib (شعيب), peace and blessings of Allah be upon him. Allah Almighty said (meaning): “We sent their brother Shuaib to the Madyanites. He said: “O my people! Worship Allah, for you have no other god but Him. Do not measure or weigh. I see how you prosper, and I am afraid that torment will befall you on the Day of Consummation . Hood, 84.
Musa (موسى), peace and blessings of Allah be upon him. Allah Almighty said (meaning): “We sent Musa (Moses) with Our signs and commanded: “Lead your people from darkness to light and remind them of the days of Allah.” Indeed, in this are signs for everyone who is patient and grateful.” Ibrahim, 5.
Harun (هارون) brother of Musa, peace and blessings of Allah be upon them both. Allah Almighty said (meaning): “We showed mercy to Musa (Moses) and Harun (Aaron). We saved them both and their people from great sorrow. We helped them, and they became the winners. We gave them a clear Scripture and guided them to the straight path . Standing in a row, 114-118.
Zakariya / Zakariya (زكريا), peace and blessings of Allah be upon him. Allah Almighty said (meaning): “Then Zakariya (Zachariah) called to his Lord, saying: “Lord! . " Imran's family, 38.
Yahya / Yahya (يحيى) son of Zakariya, peace and blessings of Allah be upon them both. Allah Almighty said (meaning): “As he stood praying in the prayer house, the angels called to him: “Allah gives you joy with the news of Yahya (John), who will confirm the Word from Allah and will be a master, a temperate man and a prophet from among the righteous.” . Imran's family, 39.
Isa (عيسى), peace and blessings of Allah be upon him. Allah Almighty said (meaning): “Verily, Isa (Jesus) is like Adam before Allah. He created him from dust, and then said to him: “Be!” - and he arose . Imran's family, 59.
Muhammad (محمد), peace and blessings of Allah be upon him. Allah Almighty said (meaning): “He forgave the sins and corrected the situation of those who believed, did righteous deeds and believed in the truth revealed to Muhammad from their Lord . Muhammad, 2.

About the situation of Dhul-Qarnain

Allah mentioned Dhul-Qarnain in the Quran, beginning the story about him with the words (meaning): “They ask you about Dhul-Qarnain. Say: “I will read you an instructive story about him.” Verily, We have endowed him with power on earth and endowed him with all kinds of opportunities .
Cave, 83-84. Among the possessors of knowledge there were those who considered him a prophet. Although the established opinion among most scientists is that he was a fair ruler. Hafiz Ibn Hajar al-Askalani al-Shafi'i wrote: “A disagreement has arisen regarding Dhul-Qarnain. It was said that he was a prophet. This is also narrated from Abdullah ibn 'Amr ibn al-'As and agrees with the outer meaning of the Qur'an... And it was said that he was an angel. This opinion was conveyed by al-Sa'labi, and it is transmitted from Umar... And it was said that he was the ruler. This is the majority opinion. It has already been stated that in the hadith of 'Ali there is an indirect indication of this." See Fath al-Bari 6/383.

قال الحافظ ابن حجر العسقلاني الشافعي: “وَقَدِ اخْتُلِفَ فِي ذِي الْق َرْنَيْنِ فَقِيلَ كَانَ نَبِيًّا كَمَا تَقَدَّمَ وَهَذَا مَرْوِيٌّ أَيْضًا عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ وَعَلَيْهِ ظَاهِرُ الْقُرْآنِ... هَ وَعَلَيْهِ الْأَكْثَرُ "I'm sorry." انظر: “فتح الباري” 6/ 383.

Scientists' opinions on whether Khadir (Khidr) was a prophet

Surah "The Cave" tells the story of Khadir/Khidr/Khidr (الخضر), in which he is not named. His name appears in hadiths. For example, Muslim has number 2380 and al-Bukhari has number 4726. His story begins with the verse (meaning): “They met one of Our slaves, whom We bestowed mercy from Us and taught from what We know . Cave, 65. And ends with the words (meaning): “I did not act this way at my own discretion. This is the interpretation of what you could not handle with patience . Cave 82. Scholars are divided on who he is. Many said that he was a righteous man close to Allah (wali, auliya), and many said that he was a prophet. So even opinions on which side the majority is on differ. And there is an opinion that he is an angel.

Imam Abu Muhammad al-Hussein ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi al-Shafi'i wrote: “We taught him from what We know” - that is, knowledge of the unseen through insight/suggestion. Khadir was not a prophet in the opinion of the majority of those who have knowledge.” See Ma'alim at-tanzil 3/205.

قال الإمام أبو محمد الحسين بن مسعود البغوي الشافعي: “وَعَلَّمْناهُ م ِنْ لَدُنَّا عِلْماً، أَيْ عِلْمَ الْبَاطِنِ إِلْهَامًا وَلَمْ يَك ُنِ الْخَضِرُ نَبِيًّا عِنْدَ أَكْثَرِ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ.” انظر: “معالم التنزيل” 3/205.

And Imam Abu Abdullah Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Qurtubi al-Maliki wrote: “Khadir is a prophet according to the majority. And there is an opinion that he is a righteous servant (of Allah), but not a prophet. And the verse speaks of his prophecy, because the hidden side of his actions cannot exist except from revelation. Also, the point is that a person learns and follows only those who are higher than him, and it is unacceptable for someone who is not a prophet to be higher than the prophet (Musa). There is also an opinion that he was an angel, and Allah commanded Musa to take what he had from the hidden knowledge. The first opinion is correct. And Allah knows best." See Al-Jami' li-ahkam al-Qur-an 11/16.

قال الإمام أبو عبد الله محمد بن أحمد القرطبي المالكي: “وَالْخَضِرُ ن َبِيٌّ عِنْدَ الْجُمْهُورِ. وَقِيلَ: هُوَ عَبْدٌ صَالِحٌ غَيْرُ نَبِيٍّ، وَالْآيَةُ تَشْهَدُ ب News حْيٍ. وَأَيْضًا فَإِنَّ الْإِنْسَانَ لَا يَتَعَلَّمُ وَلَا يَتَّبِعُ إِ لَّا مَنْ فَوْقَهُ، وَلَيْسَ يَجُوزُ أَنْ يَكُونَ فَوْقَ النَّبِيِّ مَنْ ليس بنبي. وَقِيلَ: كَانَ مَلَكًا أَمَرَ اللَّهُ مُوسَى أَنْ يَأْخُذَ عَنْهُ مِمَّا حَمَلَهُ مِنْ عِلْمِ الْبَاطِنِ. وَالْأَوَّلُ الصَّحِيحُ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ.” انظر: “الجامع لأحكام القرآن” 11/16.

Were Yusuf's brothers, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, prophets?

The Prophet Yusuf, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, had 11 brothers, who are repeatedly called “tribes” in the Koran. Ten of them at one time committed a crime against Yusuf and brought great grief to their father Yakub (see Surah “Yusuf”), peace and blessings of Allah be upon these two prophets. Despite this, there were scholars who believed that they had repented and were later given prophecy. This is how they understood the verse, the meaning of which: “Say: “We believe in Allah, and also in what was revealed to us, and what was revealed to Abraham, Ishmael, Ishaq, Isaac, Jacob.” . " Cow, 136.

Hafiz Jalaluddin al-Suyuty al-Shafi'i wrote a detailed fatwa with a study of opinions and evidence in response to the issue raised. He wrote about opinions: “As for the brothers Yusuf, peace be upon him, scholars have two opinions. The majority, both predecessors (salafs) and successors (khalafs) on the fact that they were not prophets. And as for the predecessors, no opinion about their prophecy was conveyed from any of the companions. This is what Ibn Taymiyyah said. And I don’t remember such an opinion from any of the Tabiin. As for the tabiya of the Tabieen, it was reported from Ibn Zeid (Abdurrahman ibn Zeid ibn Aslam al-'Adawi) that he spoke about their prophecy. A small group followed him in this. And the majority of the Tabi'i Tabi'een and those who came after them condemned (or: rejected) this opinion. As for the successors, the mufassirs can be presented in groups. Among them there are those who expressed the opinion of Ibn Zeid, such as al-Bagawi. There are those who strongly rejected this opinion, such as al-Qurtubi, Imam Fakhruddin (al-Razi) and Ibn Kathir. There are those who conveyed both opinions without choosing the more significant (in their opinion), as Ibn al-Jawzi did. And there are those who did not touch upon this issue.” See “Al-Howi li al-Fatawi” 1/368.

قال الحافظ جلال الدين السيوطي الشافعي: “فِي إِخْوَةِ يُوسُفَ عَلَيْ هِ السَّلَامُ قَوْلَانِ لِلْعُلَمَاءِ، وَالَّذِي عَلَيْهِ الْأَكْث َرُونَ سَلَفًا وَخَلَفًا أَنَّهُمْ لَيْسُوا بِأَنْبِيَاءَ، أَمَّا السَّلَفُ فَلَمْ يُنْقَلْ عَنْ أَحَدٍ مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ أَنَّهُمْ قَالُوا بِنُبُوَّتِهِمْ — كَذَا قَالَ ابن تيمية، وَلَا أَحْفَظُهُ ع نْ أَحَدٍ مِنَ التَّابِعِينَ، وَأَمَّا أَتْبَاعُ التَّابِعِينَ، فَنُقِلَ عَنِ ابن زيد أَنَّهُ قَالَ بِنُ بُوَّتِهِمْ، وَتَابَعَهُ عَلَى هَذَا فِئَةٌ قَلِيلَةٌ، وَأَنْكَرَ All rights reserved. ، فَالْمُفَسِّرُونَ فِرَقٌ؛ مِنْهُمْ مَنْ قَالَ بِقَوْلِ ابن زيد كَالْبَغَوِيِّ، وَمِنْهُمْ م َنْ بَالَغَ فِي رَدِّهِ كالقرطبي، والإمام فخر الدين، وابن كثير، وَمِ نْهُمْ مَنْ حَكَى الْقَوْلَيْنِ بِلَا تَرْجِيحٍ كابن الجوزي، وَمِن ْهُمْ مَنْ لَمْ يَتَعَرَّضْ لِلْمَسْأَلَةِ.” انظر: “الحاوي للفتاوي” 1/368.

Imam al-Suyuty himself came to the conclusion that the brothers of Yusuf, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, did not become prophets. As for the above verse, the imam explained that it does not clearly indicate their prophecy, because not only the sons of Yaqub were called “tribes,” but also the descendants of their clans, among whom in later times there were prophets. In addition, the sins and crimes committed by Yusuf’s brothers are completely uncharacteristic of people who are chosen by Allah for prophecy.

And if we proceed from the opinion that they became prophets, then their names are conveyed by the imam, Tabiyin Muhammad ibn Ishaq al-Madani. Apparently, he reports from the Israelites, that is, from the messages of the People of the Book, about which the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: “Report from me, even if it is one verse. And tell what is transmitted from the sons of Israel, there is no problem with that. And whoever deliberately lies against me, let him prepare to take his place in the Fire . Al-Bukhari, 3461.

قال النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم: “بلغوا عني ولو آية، وحدثوا عن بني إسرائ "I'm sorry."

Imam Muhammad ibn Jarir at-Tabari : “Ibn Humaid told us what Salama told him, what Muhammad ibn Ishaq : “Yakub (Jacob) ibn Ishaq (Isaac) - aka Israil (Israel) - married Leah (ليا ), the daughter of his maternal uncle, whose name was Liyan ibn Tubil ibn Ilyas. The children she bore to him: Rubil (روبيل / Reuben) ibn Yaqub, who was his eldest son, Shim'un (شمعون / Simeon) ibn Yaqub, Lyawi (لاوي / Levi) ibn Yaqub, Yahuza (يهوذا / Judah) ibn Yaqub , Rayalun (ريالون / Zebulun) ibn Yaqub, Yashjar (يشجر / Issachar) ibn Yaqub and Dina (دينة) bint Yaqub. Then Leah died and Yaqub married her sister Rachel (راحيل) bint Liyan ibn Tubil ibn Ilyas. She bore him Yusuf (يوسف / Joseph) ibn Yaqub and Benjamin (بنيامين / Benjamin) - translated into Arabic his name means “lion”. Also from two slaves, one of whose name was Zulfa (زلفة / Zilfa), and the other Bulkhiya (بلهية / Walla), he had four sons: Dan (دان) ibn Yaqub, Nafsali (نَفثالي / Naphtali) ibn Yaqub, Jad (جَاد / Gad) ibn Yaqub and Ishrab (إشرب / Asir) ibn Yaqub. Yaqub had 12 sons, from whom Allah multiplied 12 tribes (tribes), so that they cannot be counted, and no one knows their genealogies except Allah. Allah Almighty said: “We divided them into twelve tribes - peoples . (Obstacles, 160).” See "Jami' al-bayan" 3/112-113.

قال الإمام محمد بن جرير الطبري: “حدثنا ابن حميد قال: حدثنا سلمة قال: ح " ابنة»ليان بن توبيل بن إلياس»، فولدت له»روبيل بن يعقوب »، وكان أكبر ولده، و»شمعون بن يعقوب»، و»لاوي بن يعقوب»و»يهوذا بن يعقو ب» و»ريالون بن يعقوب»، و»يشجر بن يعقوب»، و»دينة بنت يعقوب»، ثم توفيت»ليا بنت ليان." فخلف يعقوب على أختها»راحيل بنت ليان بن توبيل بن إلياس» فولدت له»يوسف بن يعقوب» و»بنيامين» -وهو بالعربية أسد- وولد له من سُرِّيتين له: اسم إحد Say: "" All rights reserved. All rights reserved. : (وَقَطَّعْنَاهُمُ اثْنَتَيْ عَشْرَةَ أَسْبَاطًا أُمَمًا) . [سورة الأعراف: 160]“. انظر: “جامع البيان” 3/ 112-113.

A prophet who is mentioned in the Qur'an but not named

Allah Almighty said (meaning): “Do you not know about the nobility of the sons of Israel (Israel) who lived after Musa (Moses)? They told their prophet: “Appoint a king for us so that we can fight in the path of Allah.” He said, “Could it be that if you are ordered to fight, you will not fight?” They said: “Why should we not fight in the path of Allah if we are driven out of our homes and separated from our children?” When they were ordered to fight, they turned away, with the exception of a few. Allah knows the wrongdoers. Their prophet told them: “Allah has appointed Talut (Saul) as your king.” They said: “How can he become our king if we are more worthy to rule than him and he lacks wealth?” He said: “Allah preferred him to you and generously endowed him with knowledge and article. Allah gives His kingdom to whomever He wishes. . " Cow, 246-247.

The name of this prophet is also reported in tafsirs, which early Islamic scholars (salafs) borrowed from the Israiliyat. Imam at-Tabari :

“Their prophet Shamuel (شمويل / Samuel) said to the nobles of the sons of Israel: “Allah has given you what you asked for, He has sent you Talut as king.” When he told them this, they replied: “How can Talut be our king while he is from the “tribe” of Benjamin ibn Yaqub? The tribe (clan) of Benjamin has no power and no prophecy. We are more worthy of kingship than him, because we are from the tribe of Yahuza (Judah) ibn Yaqub.” “And he is deprived of wealth in property” - that is, Talut did not have much property... Ibn Humaid told us what Salama ibn al-Fadl told him, what Muhammad ibn Ishaq (tabiyin) told him, what some possessors of knowledge from Wahba ibn Munabbiha (early Tabiyin) that he said: “The nobles from the sons of Israel said what they said to Shamuyel ibn Bali, and their prophet Shamuyel asked Allah to send them a king.” See "Jami' al-bayan" 5/306-307.

قال الإمام الطبري: “قال للملأ من بني إسرائيل نبيهم شمويل: إن الله قد أ عطاكم ما سألتم، وبعث لكم طالوت ملكا. فلما قال لهم نبيهم شمويل ذلك، قالوا: أنى يكون لطالوت الملك علينا، وه و من سبط بنيامين بن يعقوب وسبط بنيامين سبط لا ملك فيهم ولا نبوة ونحن أ I say: ولم يؤت طالوت كثيرا من المال … حدثنا به ابن حميد قال، حدثنا سلمة بن ال فضل قال، حدثني محمد بن إسحاق قال، حدثني بعض أهل العلم، عن وهب بن منبه قال: لما قال الملأ من بني إسرائيل لشمويل بن بالي ما قالوا له، سأل "It's okay." انظر: “جامع البيان” 5/ 306-307.

Prophet Yusha' ibn Nun (يوشع بن نون), peace and blessings of Allah be upon him

Imam Ahmad (8315) narrated with an isnad to Abu Hurairah, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: “Of the people, the Sun delayed only for Yusha' in the night of his movement towards Jerusalem.”

عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَل َيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: › "

Researchers of the Musnad of Imam Ahmad (ed. ar-Risal), led by Sheikh Shuaib al-Arnaut, concluded that the isnad of the hadith is authentic and corresponds to the conditions of Imam al-Bukhari.

In another hadith, which was reported by al-Bukhari (3124) and Muslim (1747), it is reported that the person for whom the Sun was delayed was a prophet. The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: “One of the prophets went on a military campaign... He approached a populated area during the afternoon ('asr) prayer or so and said to the Sun: “You do what you are told, and I do what I'm told. O Allah, delay it for me." And it was delayed for him until Allah granted him victory .

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: » غَزَا نَبِيٌّ ... ْرِ، أَوْ قَرِيبًا مِنْ ذَلِكَ، فَقَالَ لِلشَّمْسِ: أَنْتِ مَأْمُور َةٌ، وَأَنَا مَأْمُورٌ، اللهُمَّ، احْبِسْهَا عَلَيَّ شَيْئًا، فَحُ ""

About the prophecy of Shis ibn Adam (شيث بن آدم)

Imam Muhammad ibn Hibban al-Busti ash-Shafi'i reported a long hadith (No. 361) in his collection of authentic hadiths, according to which the Prophet Muhammad, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: “Fifty scrolls were sent down to Shisu (Sif) .

“Yes, yes, yes.” صحيح ابن حبان، رقم 361.

Sheikh Shuaib al-Arnout did not agree with Imam Ibn Hibban in deciding the authenticity of this hadith, and, relying on the accusation of falsity of one of its transmitters by Imams Abu Hatim and Abu Zur'a, he decided that its isnad is very weak. And Imam Ibn al-Jawzi classified it as fictitious.

However, this hadith, together with the Israiliyat, is used by scholars in compiling the history of the prophets and humanity and in the tafsir of verses about the prophets. Because in the field of history and tafsir, the custom of scholars is to be more lenient towards the reliability of the messages used than to the reliability of the messages from which the legal provisions are extracted. Moreover, there is still disagreement regarding the authenticity of the hadith.

Hafiz Ibn Kathir ash-Shafi'i writes: “When Adam died, peace be upon him, his son Shis (Sif) took on the burden. He was a prophet according to the clear text of the hadith, which was narrated by Ibn Hibban in his “Sahih” from Abu Dharr with reference to the prophet (Muhammad, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), that 50 scrolls were sent down to him (Shis). When the time came for his death, he bequeathed the business to his son Anush, who took over the care after him. He was then succeeded by his (Anusha's) son Kainan. Then his (Kainan’s) son Mahlael.” See “Al-Bidaya wa al-nihaya” 1/232.

قال الحافظ ابن كثير الشافعي: “مَاتَ آدَمُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ قَامَ All rights reserved. All rights reserved. َ فِي صَحِيحِهِ، عَنْ أَبِي ذَرٍّ مَرْفُوعًا: أَنَّهُ أُنْزِلَ عَلَ يْهِ خَمْسُونَ صَحِيفَةً، فَلَمَّا حَانَتْ وَفَاتُهُ أَوْصَى إِلَى ابْنِهِ أَنُوشَ فَقَامَ مِن ْ بَعْدِهِ ابْنُهُ مَهْلَائِيلُ.” انظر: “البداية والنهاية” 1/232.

It is worth noting here that Imam Ibn Kathir is aware of the claims of the muhaddith to the isnad of this hadith, as he indicated in his tafsir, where he also repeatedly quoted it.

at-Tabari conveyed the same message You can note that the imam writes not in the form of a statement, but as if offering a possible version of events known to him. He wrote: “Shis is said to have been given the will of his father Adam, peace be upon him. And after the death of Adam, the leadership passed to Shis. And Allah sent down to him, as reported from the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, fifty scrolls. Ahmad ibn Abdurrahman ibn Wahb told us what his paternal uncle told him, what al-Madi ibn Muhammad told him, narrated from Abu Sulayman, who narrated from al-Qasim ibn Muhammad, who narrated from Abu Idris al-Khawlani, who narrated from Abu Dharra al-Ghifari that he said: “O Messenger of Allah, how many scriptures has Allah the Great and Mighty revealed?” And he answered: “104 scriptures. And Allah sent down fifty scrolls to Shis . See Tarikh at-Tabari 1/152-153.

قال الإمام الطبري: “فَكَانَ شيث- فيما ذكر- وصى ابيه آدم ع، وَصَارَتِ ا لرِّيَاسَةُ مِنْ بَعْدِ وَفَاةِ آدَمَ لِشِيثٍ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ فِيمَا رُوِيَ عَنْ رَسُولِ الله ص خَمْسِينَ صَحِيفَةً. حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ وَهْبٍ، قَالَ: حَ Quote َبِي سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي إِدْر ِيسَ الْخَوْلانِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي ذَرٍّ الْغِفَارِيِّ، قَالَ: قُلْتُ: All rights reserved. اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ؟ قَالَ: مِائَةُ كتاب واربعه كتب، انزل الله على شيث خَمْسِينَ صَحِيفَ ةً". انظر: “تاريخ الطبري” 1/ 152-153.

And, in general, in many books of former scientists you can find how they talk about Shis, classifying him among the prophets. At the same time, in our time one can come across statements that there are no sufficient grounds for recognizing him as a prophet, since the hadiths about this are weak. And Allah knows best.

What is known about the prophecy of Daniyal (دانيال)?

There are many reports that when the Companions captured the city of Tustar (modern Shushter, Iran), they discovered the ancient grave of a man whose body was preserved unharmed, the locals called him Daniyal, and Umar ibn al-Khattab considered him a prophet.

From these messages, what was conveyed by Imam Abu Bakr ibn Abi Sheiba in “Musannaf” (No. 33819) with an authentic, as researchers from the site of Sheikh al-Munajid report, isnad from Anas , may Allah be pleased with him, that while talking about the mastery of Tustar he said: “We found a man in a coffin with a nose up to his elbows. Local residents achieved victories and rain through it. Abu Musa (al-Ash'ari) wrote about this to Umar ibn al-Khattab. Umar replied: “This is one of the prophets. Fire does not eat prophets, and earth does not eat prophets. Take you and one of your, that is, Abu Musa’s, companions and bury him in a place that only you two will know about.” Anas said: “I and Abu Musa went and buried him.”

(رقم 33819) تَحُوا تُسْتَرَ قَالَ: › ابُوتِ , كَانُوا يَسْتَظْهِرُونَ وَيَسْتَمْطِرُونَ بِهِ , فَكَتَبَ أَبُو مُوسَى إِلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ بِذَلِكَ , فَكَتَبَ عُمَر ُ: إِنَّ هَذَا نَبِيٌّ مِنَ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ وَالنَّارُ لَا تَأْكُلُ الْأَنْبِيَاءَ , وَالْأَرْضُ لَا تَأْكُلُ الْأَنْبِيَاءَ , فَكَتَبَ أَنِ انْظُرْ أَنْتَ وَأَصْحَابُكَ يَعْنِ ي أَصْحَابَ أَبِي مُوسَى فَادْفِنُوهُ فِي مَكَانٍ لَا يَعْلَمُهُ أ حَدٌ غَيْرُكُمَا قَالَ: فَذَهَبْتُ أَنَا وَأَبُو مُوسَى فَدَفَنَّاهَ ُ "

And there is another message that makes it clear that this man's name was Daniyal, but at the same time casts some doubt as to whether this particular Daniyal was a prophet.

Imam Abu Bakr al-Bayhaqi al-Shafi'i reported in "Dala'il al-nubuwwa" 1/381 from Khalid ibn Dinar from tabiyin Abu al-Aliyya that he said: “When we opened Tustar, we found a bed in the treasury of Hurmuzan, and on her dead man... If it didn’t rain for a long time, then (local residents) came to his bed, and it rained.” I (Khalid) said: “Who did you think it was?” He replied: “The man who was called Daniyal.” I said, “How long ago did he die before you discovered him?” He replied: “Three hundred years before that.” I said, “And nothing has changed about him?” He replied: “No. Just a few hairs on the back of his head.”

(1/381) َةِ قَالَ: » لَمَّا افْتَتَحْنَا تُسْتَرَ وَجَدْنَا فِي بَيْتِ مَالِ ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... » ق ُلْتُ: مَنْ كُنْتُمْ تَظُنُّونَ الرَّجُلَ؟ قَالَ: » رَجُلٌ يُقَالُ لَهُ: دَانْيَالُ » فَقُلْتُ : مُذْ كَمْ وَجَد ْتُمُوهُ مَاتَ؟ قَالَ: » مُذْ ثَلَاثِمِائَةِ سَنَةٍ » فَقُلْتُ: مَا كان تغيّر شيئا؟ قَالَ:" لَا، إِلَّا شُعَيْرَاتٌ مِنْ قَفَاهُ."

Hafiz Ibn Katheer commented: “This isnad is authentic until Abu al-Aliyya, however, if the time of his death is reported correctly and was 300 years before that, then he is not a prophet, but a righteous man. Because between Isa ibn Maryam and the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, there was no prophet according to the hadith that is in Sahih al-Bukhari... And it may be that the time of his death is 800 years before (in Arabic letters in 800 is closely spelled with 300, so a transmission error could occur). And this is already close to the time of Daniyal (Daniil), if this is really the same Daniyal. After all, it could be another person from the prophets or the righteous. But there is a high probability of the assumption that he is Daniyal. Because the king of the Persians detained him, and he lived under his arrest, as already said... And there is a possibility that it could be one of the more ancient prophets who lived before these times.” See Al-Bidaya wa al-nihaya 2/376-377.

قال الإمام ابن كثير : » وَهَذَا إِسْنَادٌ صَحِيحٌ إِلَى أَبِي الْعَا لِيَةِ، وَلَكِنْ إِنْ كَانَ تَارِيخُ وَفَاتِهِ مَحْفُوظًا مِنْ ثَل َاثِمِائَةِ سَنَةٍ فَلَيْسَ بِنَبِيٍّ، بَلْ هو رجل صالح ، لأن عيسى ب ن مَرْيَمَ لَيْسَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ نَبِيٌّ بِنَصِّ الْحَدِيثِ الَّذِي فِي الْبُخَا رِيِّ … ... ُوَ قَرِيبٌ مِنْ وَقْتِ دَانْيَالَ ، إِنْ كَانَ كَوْنُهُ دَانْيَالَ هُوَ الْمُطَابِقَ لِمَا فِي نَفْسِ الْأَمْرِ، فَإِنَّهُ قَدْ يَكُو نُ رَجُلًا آخَرَ، إِمَّا مِنَ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ أَوِ الصَّالِحِين،َ و All rights reserved. كَانَ قَدْ أَخَذَهُ ... فَيَحْتَمِلُ عَلَى هَذَا أَنْ يَكُونَ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ " لبداية والنهاية" 2/ 376-377.

And Imam Ibn Abi ad-Dunya reported a hadith with similar content in Ahkam al-Kubur, which also says that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: “ Daniyal turned to his Lord with a dua to bury him . "

But Hafiz Ibn Kathir reported that there is a gap in his isnad, and it is doubtful whether this version of the hadith is correct. See Al-Bidaya wa al-nihaya 2/378.

And the story of the prophet Daniyal and the pharaoh Bukhtu-Nasar (Nebuchadnezzar), drawn, apparently, from the Israelites, is transmitted by Islamic historians from the imam-tabiin Abdullah ibn Abi Huzail. See Al-Bidaya wa al-nihaya 2/374.

All this prompted Islamic scholars to mention Daniyal in their works as a prophet.

Conclusion

This is what we managed to collect about the names of those prophets who were mentioned in one way or another in the Koran or Sunnah. And whoever starts reading books on the Islamic history of the world and prophecy, he will encounter other names along with a description of their lives, calls, difficulties, amazing incidents, which Muslim scholars have selected from the messages conveyed by the People of the Book.

May Allah bless and grant prosperity to all the prophets, messengers and those who responded to their call and followed him with a pure heart.

Prophet Muhammad

The story of the prophet Muhammad. Prophet Muhammad مُحَمَّدْ‎ - prophet and messenger of Allah, through him divine revelation was transmitted to people, which took shape in the text of the holy book - the Koran, was born on April 22, 571. Prophet Muhammad, founder of Islam and the first Muslim community. The Messenger of Allah, the Seal of the Prophets, is the last in a line of prophets. Despite the fact that Muhammad belonged to a noble family, his father Abdollah was a rather poor man and made a living by reselling goods. The boy never saw his father, since he died before his birth. Muhammad's mother died when he was only 6 years old, so at first he was raised by his grandfather. After some time, the boy was taken to his home by his uncle Abu Talib.

History of the Prophets

Above time

King David.
Gentile da Fabriano. 1370–1427 — In the popular imagination, a prophet is a predictor of the future. Is this true of the biblical prophets?

- Let's start from this word itself. Slavic prophet

- this is the one who
prophesies
.
But what exactly does it prophesy? Not necessarily the future. We can talk about revealing some secrets of the present and past, about the true meaning of certain events and human actions. If we take an interest in how this word appeared in the Slavic text of the Bible, we will see that this is a translation of the Greek prophetes
(προφήτης), where it really has the connotation of “prosecutor”, “soothsayer”, that is, it is associated with predicting the future.
However, if we turn to the Hebrew text of the Holy Scriptures, it turns out that the Hebrew word navi
, referring to the biblical prophets, is primarily “called”, “herald”.

If you look at the content of the Old Testament prophecies, it turns out that not all of them spoke about the future. Much more often it was about the present and the past - or rather, about understanding the past, about how this past is seen by God, Who speaks through the mouth of the prophets. And this is the key point. The most important thing in the activities of prophets is the proclamation of the will of God to their contemporaries.

Of course, they also prophesied the future. But here we need to understand this: our very idea of time follows from the nature of our created world. We, beings created by God, live in the flow of time, but God Himself is outside this flow. For Him, what appears to us as past, present and future is always “here and now.”

Man, nevertheless, even in his fallen state, is involved in the spiritual world - a world in which time does not have such an irresistible power. Therefore, when God reveals His will through the prophets, He, as it were, removes them from the flow of time, and for them the past, present and future merge to some extent. A prophet may proclaim something that is yet to come true, but for him, at the moment of pronouncing the prophecy, it has already come true and he talks about it as if it happened.

At the same time, note that the prophet does not set himself the goal of finding out the future and satisfying the curiosity of his contemporaries; he does not pierce time with his power. This happens to him solely by the will of God and solely in order to announce to people something very important for the salvation of all mankind - both the prophet’s contemporaries and their distant descendants.

Therefore, the very approach inherent in modern mass consciousness is incorrect - to isolate in prophecies only predictions of the future and consider them the main content of prophetic service.

- Well, what is the reason for this approach?

- Apparently, this is a human reaction to dependence on time. We live in a created world where time exists, we float in its flow and we can’t do anything about it, but the awareness of this fact depresses us, we feel helpless in relation to fleeting time, it’s hard for us to think that nothing can be changed in the past and that our future is unknown. This is where the desire to overcome the power of time is born - and since nothing can be done with the past, then at least find out the future. This, I think, is the psychological roots of such an intense interest in soothsayers and fortune-tellers.

Prophet Isa

The story of the prophet Isa. Isa ibn Maryam al-Masih (Arabic: عيسى ابن مريم‎ - Jesus son of Mary) is one of the greatest Islamic prophets (nabis). Identified with the New Testament Jesus Christ. Prophet Isa was sent to the Israelis in order to confirm the truth of the Taurat (Torah) and bring one of the sacred books of Islam - the Injil (Gospel). Isa is considered one of the messengers of Allah (rasul), along with Nuh, Ibrahim, Musa and Muhammad, as well as the founder of the new Law.

History of the Prophets

Prophet Yahya

The story of the prophet Yahya. Yahya ibn Zakariya يحيى ابن زكريا‎ is an Islamic prophet sent to the people of Israel to confirm the truth of the prophetic mission of Isa ibn Maryam. Son of the prophet Zakaria. Identified with the biblical prophet John the Baptist. Mentioned in the Koran 5 times. According to Islamic tradition, Prophet Yahya was the first to predict the prophecy of Isa, believe in him and help him preach among the Jews. Son of Prophet Zakariyya (peace be upon him). He was born when Zakariyya (peace be upon him) was already in old age.

History of the Prophets

Prophets in the Bible video

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The third prophecy about the end of the world is fulfilled in Jerusalem

Prophet Zakariyya

The story of the prophet Zakariyya. Zakariya ibn Azan زكريا‎ is an Islamic prophet sent to the people of Israel. Identified with the biblical priest Zechariah. Mentioned 7 times in the Koran. Father of the prophet Yahya (John the Baptist). Zechariah was a wise and righteous man from the children of Israel. He was chosen by lot as the teacher-guardian of Mariam (Isa's mother) when she was little and thanks to him she was able to learn Taurat (Torah). He was the husband of Maryam's maternal aunt, and thus Yahya and Isa are related.

History of the Prophets

Under the radar

- Let's move on to the New Testament era. Judging by the book of Acts of the Holy Apostles and the apostolic writings, the disciples of Christ had a prophetic gift. Tradition tells us that this gift was preserved in the first centuries of Christianity. But what happened next? Have the prophecies stopped?

- No, that's not true. But before I explain why this is not so, I will make an important digression.

The fact is that prophetic revelation in its entirety is revealed much later than the time when it was pronounced. The prophet's contemporaries may view his prophecies very differently. They may believe, or they may not believe. If many doubted Christ, even among His disciples, then what can we say about the prophets? I assure you, if we were Isaiah’s contemporaries, we might be skeptical of his words. It is not necessary, however, to take such ancient times as an example. Let's take the beginning of the last century. Now we understand that the holy righteous John of Kronstadt possessed a prophetic gift, that he predicted both the catastrophe of 1917 and the restoration of Russian statehood, that he foresaw human destinies. But many representatives of the then educated society perceived his words as savagery, superstition and exploitation of popular ignorance and exaltation. Therefore, it is possible to judge who is a prophet and who is not, and what the prophecy was, only after tens, or even hundreds of years. Now regarding prophecies in already Christian times. Prophetic ministry always takes forms appropriate to the era. The fundamental difference between the Christian era and its predecessors is the existence of the Church. The Church is not just a community of believers, it really is the Body of Christ in a mystical sense, it is mysteriously guided by the Holy Spirit, it is the pillar and affirmation of the Truth. If in Old Testament times prophets and prophecies were the main instrument for conveying the will of God to people, now the Church itself has become such an instrument. That “course correction”—the sacred impulse—that we talked about earlier took place through the patristic works, through church councils, and, of course, through the participation of believers in the church sacraments, first of all, in the Eucharist. Therefore, the need for “professional” prophets proclaiming the will of God to the entire Church has disappeared. But, please note, there is no longer any need for the previous form

, and not in the prophetic
ministry
. This service has been preserved, only its form has changed. And in many cases it took on a more private, intimate character. By the way, there are ancient predictions about this - that times will come when holiness, due to its lack of demand, “will go under the radar” and will not be present in such an obvious form as it was possible in other times.

- What kind of forms are these? Do you mean old age?

- Yes exactly. The foresight of the elders is by nature the same as the prophecies of the ancient prophets. In the same way, the Lord, through the elder, announces His will to people. Sometimes it also reveals the future. The only difference is that the Old Testament prophet addressed all of God’s chosen people, while the elder addressed only his spiritual children. And since most often the content of such prophecies concerned the private lives of specific people, these prophecies are not so well known.

In other words, the prophetic ministry remains in the Church, but, firstly, it is intended for a much narrower circle of people, and secondly, the very words “prophet” and “prophecies” are beginning to be used less frequently. No one, of course, makes a secret of the existence of visionary elders, but they do not strive for publicity either.

I will give just one example, close to us in time. Hieromonk Pavel (Troitsky) died in 1991. For decades, he was the confessor of many famous priests - the late Fathers Vsevolod Shpiller, Roman Oldekop, Alexander Kulikov and Gleb Kaleda, as well as the living Bishop Panteleimon (Shatov), Archpriest Vladimir Vorobyov, Dimitry Smirnov, Valentin Asmus... After his release from the camp ( back in the war years) he lived in seclusion, in a remote village in the Tver region, almost never left the house. The house stood on the outskirts, near the forest, and an unknown family was engaged in providing for the old man. His communication with his spiritual children was carried out through letters that were sent by messenger. About 400 of these letters have survived, and he had relatively few addressees; we know about 20 people. Letters from him were brought to the apartment of Father Vsevolod Shpiller and handed over to Father Paul’s former cell attendant, Agrippina Nikolaevna, and letters were immediately handed back to Father Paul, as then it was said, “into the forest.” The letters were dated. So, it often happened that the dates of Father Pavel’s answers to his addressees were earlier than in the letters in which they turned to him for advice. That is, he foresaw what he would be asked about. And his answers were undoubtedly prophetic. By the way, memories of Father Pavel and letters have been partially published*.

— In the church environment there are often stories about the prophecies of the elders about the fate of the world. How should we feel about this?

“Such stories must be treated with extreme caution.” Very often this is obvious myth-making, and in some cases the prophecies are attributed to some nameless elders, in others - to elders who really existed, but did not say or write what is associated with their names.

In any case, when faced with such information, it must be checked. How did you know about these hypothetical statements of the elder? Who published this and when? Is this supported by other evidence? Are there any purely historical mistakes there? If such prophecies are written about in some brochure by a little-known author, and he does not cite any sources in the text, but only refers to nameless “spiritual children” - this is symptomatic.

In addition, it is necessary to compare these stories with the Holy Scriptures and the Orthodox doctrine. It also happens that, from a theological point of view, such “prophecies” turn out to be simply heresy. For example, a prophecy that supposedly the whole world in the last times will be under the rule of the Antichrist, except for Russia, which will immediately, bypassing the Last Judgment, pass into the Kingdom of God.

If a person does not have special knowledge and does not have the opportunity to verify the truth of such predictions, then it is better to be guided by a wonderful church principle: not to reject, but not to accept, but to rely on the will of God and “wait.”

Prophet of Alias

The story of the prophet Alias. Al-Yasa, Alyasa اليسع‎ - Islamic prophet, disciple of Prophet Ilyas, sent to the people of Israel after Prophet Ilyas (Elijah). Identified with Elisha. Mentioned twice in the Koran.

The prophet Al-Yasa lived during the time of the prophet Elias and the four kings of Israel: Joram, Jehu, Jehoahaz and Joash. After Ilyas was expelled by his people, he began to preach to other Israelite tribes, one of which accepted him.

History of the Prophets

Prophet Jonah

The prophet Jonah is known primarily for the fact that he did not want to prophesy to the inhabitants of the city of Nineveh that the Lord had prepared a terrible punishment for them for their sins. He decided to escape, for which he was punished - swallowed by a whale. Then, willy-nilly, Jonah repented of his disobedience, and after crawling out of the whale’s belly, he went to Nineveh.

“And Jonah began to walk around the city, as far as he could go in one day, and preached, saying: Forty more days, and Nineveh will be destroyed! And the Ninevites believed God, and declared a fast, and put on sackcloth, from the greatest of them to the least of them.

This word reached the king of Nineveh, and he rose from his throne, and took off his royal vestments, and put on sackcloth, and sat down on ashes, and commanded that it be proclaimed and said in Nineveh in the name of the king and his nobles: “Whatever people, neither cattle, nor oxen, nor sheep, did not eat anything, did not go to pasture and did not drink water, and that people and cattle were covered in sackcloth, and cried out loudly to God, and that everyone turned from their evil way and from violence their hands.

Who knows, maybe God will have mercy and turn away His burning anger from us, and we will not perish.”

And God saw their deeds, that they turned from their evil way, and God regretted the disaster that He said He would bring on them, but He did not bring it.”

However, such an ending, oddly enough, does not suit Jonah himself, who was expecting the spectacle of divine retribution. Then, to console him, the Almighty quickly grew a plant, in the shade of which Jonah was able to hide from the heat. But then a worm appears and eats away at the plant, and it withers. Jonah begins to succumb to the heat and regrets the loss of the plant. To which God says to him:

“You regret a plant that you did not work on and that you did not grow, which grew in one night and disappeared in the same night.

Should I not have pity on Nineveh, a great city, in which there are more than one hundred and twenty thousand people who cannot distinguish their right hand from their left, and a multitude of cattle?

Prophet Elias

The story of Prophet Elias.

Ilyas إلياس‎ is an Islamic prophet (nabi) sent to the people of Israel. Mentioned twice in the Koran. Identified with the biblical prophet Elijah. In the Koran he is called a messenger (mursal), a righteous man (salih), and a believer (mumin).

Ilyas was sent to the people of Israel and was guided by the Sharia of Musa (Moses). After Musa, the Israelis abandoned the commandments of Allah and began to worship idols. To call for a return to faith, Allah sent many prophets to the Israelis, among whom was Ilyas. The tribe of the prophet Ilyas lived in Baalbek

History of the Prophets

Who are the prophets of the Old Testament

In Old Testament times, God chose people to serve. Through them, the Lord proclaimed His Will, warned against sin, gave interpretations to perfect deeds and dreams, and predicted the coming of the Savior (Messiah) to the world. Such people were called prophets (one who speaks the words of God) or soothsayer. However, Israel, the nobility and the common people, were not always ready to hear the accusatory words of the prophets or the predictions of troubles and misfortunes. Therefore, the prophets of the Old Testament were often persecuted by their fellow tribesmen, and their lives were often in danger.

Prophets of the Old Testament: icons from the “prophetic” row of the iconostasis

The prophet Jeremiah accurately expressed his position among the people:

“You are stronger than me - and you prevailed, and every day I am in ridicule, everyone mocks me. For as soon as I begin to speak, I scream about violence, I cry out about ruin, because the word of the Lord has been turned into reproach to me and into everyday ridicule” (Jer. 20: 7-8).

Prophet Yunus

The story of Prophet Yunus.

Yunus يونس‎, Zun-Nun (Arabic: ذو النون‎ - Possessor of the fish) is an Islamic prophet sent to his people. Mentioned four times in the Koran. Identified with the biblical prophet Jonah. Prophet Yunus (peace be upon him) was sent to the people of Ninawa (now Mosul) with a call to monotheism, but they disobeyed and did not obey him. After long and fruitless sermons, he warned them of divine punishment if they did not repent of their sins and abandon evil within three days. After that he left them and went away. When it became clear to them that trouble was near, they came to their senses and repented, and Allah, having mercy on them, did not destroy them.

History of the Prophets

Prophet Yusuf (peace be upon him)

The Almighty protected the prophets from major and minor sins. But, unfortunately, some people, due to ignorance in religious matters and due to a misunderstanding of the meaning of the verse that talks about the Prophet Yusuf (peace be upon him), think that he sought to commit adultery with the wife of a nobleman.

One of the literal translations of verse 24 of Surah Yusuf says: “And she thought about him, and he thought about her.”

The meaning of this verse is as follows: in fact, the nobleman’s wife Zuleikha herself seduced him. Prophet Yusuf (peace be upon him) in no way thought about how to approach her, as some ignoramuses believe. Islamic scholars, explaining the verse, have given us several interpretations. Some said that the said verse of the Quran means “wanted to hit her”, others said that he wanted to push her away from him. But the most correct interpretation, as some scholars have said, is the following: he was about to push this woman away, but he saw a sign from God, that is, Allah let him know that if he pushed her away from the front, she would tell her husband that he wanted to force her to commit adultery . That's why he didn't push her away, but turned his back as he left, and then she tore the back of his shirt. This fact indicates her guilt.

As for the stories that say that Prophet Yusuf (peace be upon him) wanted to commit adultery with her, this is a lie, because this desire is unworthy of prophets. Moreover, the nobleman’s wife herself admitted the innocence of Yusuf (peace be upon him).

Prophet Zulkifl

The story of the prophet Zulkifl. DhulKifl ذو الكفل‎ is a Quranic character mentioned in the Quran among other prophets. Often identified with the Old Testament prophet Ezekiel. The prophet received this name because he took upon himself the responsibility to save his people from want, and vouched for the fact that he would be a fair judge among them. Dhul-Kifl lived a long life and died, having completely fulfilled everything for which he vouched. The Prophet, nicknamed Dhu-l-Kifl (lit. - caring, guaranteeing), is mentioned in the Koran. There are some disagreements in the stories about him, and no one knows about him better than the Creator. Some consider him a righteous man, others a prophet.

History of the Prophets

Prayers to the prophets

Prayer to the Prophet Elijah

Oh, holy prophet of God Elijah, pray for us, the Lover of Mankind, that God may give us, the servants of God (names), the spirit of repentance and contrition for our sins, and by His omnipotent grace help us to leave the paths of wickedness, excel in everything you do blazingly, and in the fight against our passions and lusts, may he strengthen us; May the spirit of humility and meekness, the spirit of brotherly love and kindness, the spirit of patience and chastity, the spirit of zeal for the glory of God and good care for the salvation of ourselves and our neighbors, implant into our hearts.
Turn away from us the righteous wrath of God by your intercession, so that having lived in peace and piety in this world, we will be worthy of communion of eternal blessings in the Kingdom of the Lord and our Savior Jesus Christ, like Him To honor and worship, with His Beginning Father and the Most Holy Spirit, forever and ever . Amen.

Troparion of the Prophet Isaiah, tone 2

The memory of Your prophet Isaiah, O Lord, is celebrated, so we pray to You: save our souls.

Kontakion of the Prophet Isaiah, tone 2

The gift of prophecy was received, prophet-martyr, Isaiah the Preacher of God, you explained to everyone the incarnation of the Lord, exclaiming loudly at the end: behold, the Virgin will receive with child.

Prophet Ayyub

The story of Prophet Ayyub. Ayyub أيوب‎ is an Islamic prophet (nabi) sent to the people of Israel. Identified with the biblical Job. The story of Prophet Ayyub is mentioned in the Qur'an for the edification of non-believers among examples of how Allah ultimately helps those who are devoted to him and rely on him. Allah granted him the ability to perform some miracles. Prophet Ayyub (peace be upon him) lived 254 years.

His mother was the daughter of the prophet Lut. Ayyub was sent to the peoples living near Damascus. He was a very wealthy and respected man, he helped everyone in need. He was distinguished by his virtuous character, righteousness and sincere faith in God. However, he gained fame due to his boundless stamina and patience.

History of the Prophets

Prophet Iola

Little is known about the prophet Joel. He made his prophecies when two disasters occurred at once: a plague of locusts and a severe drought. The prophet considered these disasters a threatening warning from God. The people must repent, for the day of the wrath of the Lord is near:

“Blow the trumpet in Zion and sound the alarm in My holy mountain; Let all the inhabitants of the earth tremble, for the day of the Lord is coming, for it is near - a day of darkness and gloom, a cloudy and foggy day: like the dawn spreading over the mountains, a numerous and strong people, such as has not happened since the beginning of time and will not be thereafter for generations.

Before him the fire consumes, and behind him the flame burns; Before him the earth is like the Garden of Eden, but behind him there will be a desolate steppe, and no one will be saved from him.”

However, Joel was still confident that God’s love for people is limitless and that only it is the path to salvation for all who call on the name of God.

“Gather the people, call an assembly, invite the elders, gather the youths and sucklings; Let the groom come out of his palace and the bride from her upper room,” he called out to the people. And further:

“And on Mount Zion there will be salvation, and it will be holy; and the house of Jacob shall take possession of their inheritance. And the house of Jacob shall be fire, and the house of Joseph as flame, and the house of Esau as stubble: they shall burn it, and destroy it, and none shall be left of the house of Esau: for the Lord hath spoken it.

And those to the south will take possession of the mountain of Esau, and those in the valley will take possession of the Philistines; and they will take possession of the field of Ephraim and the field of Samaria, and Benjamin will take possession of Gilead.

And those who were exiled from the army of the children of Israel will take possession of the land of Canaan as far as Zarephath, and those who were exiled from Jerusalem, who are in Sepharad, will take possession of the cities of the south.”

Prophet Suleiman

The story of the prophet Suleiman.

Suleiman سُـلـيـمـان ابـن داوود‎ is an Islamic prophet, son of the prophet Davud (David). Identified with the biblical King Solomon. Suleiman was the son of the prophet Daoud. From his father, he learned a lot of knowledge and was chosen by Allah as a prophet, and he was given mystical power over all creatures, including jinn. After his father's death, he became king of the Jews. His kingdom was huge, and in the south it extended to Yemen. Suleiman completed the first Jewish temple, begun by his father Daoud. He was also known for his wisdom and justice.

Prophet Elijah

Elijah, on the contrary, is considered one of the most famous prophets. Even as a child, he devoted himself to the Lord and began to live in the desert. During the reign of King Ahab, Elijah was called to prophetic ministry.

Elijah began to actively persuade the people to the true faith and deliverance from sins. And this was very opportune, since at that time the people’s fascination with pagan idols was great. According to legend, Elijah ordered the construction of two altars: one for the priests of the idol of Baal, the other for serving the True God.

Elijah proposed this test:

“On whichever of them fire falls from heaven, that will be the indication whose God is true, and all will have to worship Him, and those who do not acknowledge Him will be put to death.”

No matter how much the priests of Baal prayed, no fire naturally came down on their altar.

Then the holy prophet Elijah got down to business. He prayed to the Lord, and a fire began to burn on the altar. The people, seeing such a miracle, fell to the ground, crying:

“Truly the Lord is One God, and there is no other God besides Him!”

Then the prophet Elijah killed all the priests of Baal and began to pray to the Lord to send rain. His prayers were answered and the drought ended.

They say that because of his fiery faith, the prophet Elijah did not die, but was taken to heaven while he was still alive. Before this, the Lord ordered the prophet Elijah to transfer his prophetic gift to the prophet Elisha. Elijah anointed him with oil, and then Elisha witnessed the prophet Elijah’s ascent to heaven in a fiery chariot and received, along with his cloak that fell from the chariot, “a gift twice as great” as the prophet Elijah had.