For some people, the Old Believer cross is a religious rarity, for others it is a symbol of faith, an integral attribute of divine services. The shape and appearance of the cross are unusual for modern Christians. At the same time, supporters of the old faith sacredly honor the symbolism chosen hundreds of years ago. It's not just about the external surroundings. To understand the meaning of the symbols and inscriptions depicted on the cross, let’s figure out who the Old Believers, or Old Believers, are.
Story
The term “Old Believers” was formed in the early fifties of the seventeenth century. During this period, Moscow Patriarch Nikon, with the support of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, began to reform the Russian Orthodox Church. The changes began with the transition from Russian to Greek church charter - church books began to be brought into line with the Greek canons. The order of services began to change. “Amendments” were made to ritual actions. Such innovations caused protest among a significant part of society, consisting of the clergy, boyars, and common people.
The supporters of the old rituals were led by Archpriest Avvakum. The protesters refused to accept the reforms and called for a return to the original Russian Orthodox order. The authorities persecuted them, which led to the death of a large number of people - public reprisals, executions. In addition to physical violence, the Old Believers suffered moral oppression. By the tsar's decrees, unaffordable taxes were imposed on them, and it was forbidden to engage in agriculture and cattle breeding. The authorities turned a blind eye to the criminal actions against the Old Believers on the part of the “consenting” population - their food supplies were destroyed, their huts were burned, and they were deprived of their lives.
Such actions forced the Old Believers to leave their native lands and settle in remote areas. This is how Old Believer settlements appeared, where people devoted to their faith lived in accordance with its rules.
The situation changed with the coming to power of Peter the Great - he canceled the cruel decrees, the persecution stopped. However, the life and rights of the Old Believers were semi-legal:
- Old Believers were prohibited from holding high positions;
- baptism according to the old faith was not recognized by the current church;
- marriages entered into by Old Believers were considered illegal;
- Children born in such marriages were considered illegitimate.
Only towards the end of the 18th century did the “top leadership” realize that the ritual differences that caused the schism of the Russian Orthodox Church were insignificant. This is how Unity of Faith appeared.
Almost two million people of the old faith live in modern Russia. It is clear that now they are not oppressed, they are free to live wherever they want, and have equal rights with other citizens.
Who and when can wear the Slavic Cross
In ancient times, adults wore amulets with a cross. Here is another difference from the Christian cross, which is often placed around the neck of a child who does not yet understand the meaning of this action. That’s why we still recommend that adults wear amulets with crosses.
But what about the question with which this article began? Is it possible to wear ancient Slavic amulets with a cross? We think now you can answer this question yourself. The Christian cross is incompatible with the Slavic amulet. However, the Slavic Cres is our dear amulet! Wear it with joy and know that you are under the protection of the Gods!
Old Believer cross
In Orthodoxy, the cross is a symbol of faith, an integral attribute of divine services and church rituals. Believers revere it as a shrine.
The cross itself in the Old Believers and modern Orthodoxy looks the same. The horizontal and vertical crossbars symbolize the crucifix that Jesus carried on his shoulders to the place of his execution. Differences are observed in the shapes of pectoral crosses. Otherwise they are called vests.
View
The appearance of the Old Believers' cross is somewhat different from the modern symbol of faith. An eight-pointed cross is enclosed in a four-pointed cruciform shape. Surprisingly, many modern Orthodox crosses are made in the traditions of Catholicism - they consist of two transverse crossbars and contain an image of the crucified Christ. Such crosses are called four-pointed - simply and concisely.
Old Believers do not accept this form. Their symbol fully corresponds to the image of Calvary described in the Bible. Moreover, the front side of the cross does not have an image of the Savior. The reverse side of the Old Believers' cross necessarily contains a prayer for faith in the resurrection of God.
Male cross of the Old Believers
Meaning
The top crossbar features a plaque with the inscribed words: “Jesus of Nazareth, King of Glory.” The inscription may consist of the letters “INCI” - instead of “Glory” it is written “Jewish”. This does not change the essence written in the Bible - His name is inscribed above the head of the crucified Christ.
The lower crossbar depicts a support for the Savior's feet. The beveled shape is reminiscent of the biblical story of the thieves crucified to the left and right of Christ. The first (left) end points down. Refers to the thief who cursed Jesus and went to hell after his death. The second end points upward - which speaks of a repentant thief who went with the Savior to Paradise.
The arched foot of the cross symbolizes Mount Golgotha - the place of execution. Depicted to the left and right of the cross, respectively, are a spear and a cane - instruments of execution. The body of the deceased Christ was pierced with a spear to ensure his death. A sponge with vinegar was placed on the cane and brought to the lips of the still living Savior instead of water. Skull - depicts the head of Adam, symbolizing the fall of humanity, which succumbed to spiritual and physical sins. The letters "G" and "A" to the left and right of the skull mean "Head of Adam". The inner meaning of the image is a symbol of salvation - a skull washed with the blood of Christ cleanses a person from sin and gives the opportunity to gain eternal life.
The crosses and crucifixes of the Old Believers may have other differences, but they are insignificant - they do not change the essence of the transmission of the history set out in the Bible.
Life Cross of the Slavs and Aryans.
"Take up your cross and follow me..."
Luke (ch. 9, v. 23),
Matthew (chapter 16, art. 24),
Mark (ch. 8, v. 34).
What cross did Jesus tell his disciples about?
Where were they supposed to go with their cross?
What is a procession? What do the expressions mean:
“You don’t have a cross!” and “Put a cross on him!”
11 years ago I wrote an article “Do the Slavs and Aryans carry their cross”? It was published in the magazine “Vedic Culture” No. 1.
This article, which was written for the Rodobozhie website, is not a copy of the previous one. Changes and additions have been made to it, taking into account the author’s personal experience accumulated over time.
Genealogy attaches great importance to the cross. This symbol carries a lot of figurative meaning. The simplest one is this: the vertical line symbolizes the descent of the spirit into matter and the ascent of the spirit, which has gained experience of the material transformation of the world. Horizontal - matter that absorbs the Power of the Spirit and manifests itself in its highest form - Spiritualized Nature.
In the Vedic Heritage of the Ancestors - Rodobozhia, the cross symbolizes countless meanings, phenomena and images in all four worlds, recognized by the majority of representatives of the Slavic-Aryan peoples: Navi, Reveal, Glory and Rule.
There are more than 144 different images of the cross among the Slavs and Aryans. And that's just the main ones! However, unlike the stationary crosses used in religious symbolism, the Slavic-Aryan cross, like Life itself, is in constant motion! Why? Because the ancient meaning of the word “Cres” is radiance, light, fire, and the letter “T” - “Solid” carries the meaning “Creation”, “Statement”. Putting these images together in the word “Cross” we get the meaning of this word: “Shining Creation”, “Affirmation of Light”, etc.
The image of the cross symbolizes the rotation of electrons around (around) the nucleus of an atom, the spiral movement of the planets following Yarila the Sun in His movement along the Heavenly Paths of our Galaxy. The cross represents the movement of the visible part of the starry sky (from the point of view of an earthly observer) around the star Tara (the North Star), the movement of the Solar System around the center of our Galaxy, the movement of our Galaxy around the center of our Metagalaxy, the movement of our Metagalaxy around the center of the Universe.
The cross is an image of the simultaneous unity and struggle of opposites, manifesting itself in the battle of Belobog and Chernobog, in the interaction of Spirit and Matter, Life and Death, Light and Darkness, Truth and Falsehood...
The Slavs and Aryans display the moving cross in a rich variety of graphic forms and color combinations. In written texts his image is depicted with four runes:
| Rune "Sva" | Rune "C" | two runes "Ti-Ka" |
— The rune “Sva” means Heaven (hence – Wedding, more precisely: SVA DE BO – SVA (Heavenly), DE (Act) BO (Gods).
- Rune "C" - means the direction of movement,
- and the two runes “Ti-Ka” mean rotation, movement, change. Until now, children, when playing, shout: “Tick!”, i.e. Move quickly, dodging collisions with others. And the phrase “the clock is ticking” means that its mechanism moves, rotating, and the sound “tick-tock” only accompanies its rotational movement.
So, the rotating Cross of Life, which the Slavs and Aryans carry within themselves, is called Sva-S-Ti-Ka. There are many similar images expressed in other words. Yarga: Yar - Yarila, Ga - path, movement, i.e. Yarga - movement of Yarila-Sun. Kolovrat: Kolo – circle, rotation, V – Vedas, Ra – Primordial Light of the Progenitor, T – hard, i.e. Kolovrat: affirmation of the Primordial Light of the Progenitor, Knowing the Cycle (Life and Death). Svaor: Sva - Heaven, Or - strength, i.e. Svaor - Heavenly Power.
What does the concept “Cross of Life” mean? What he really is? How can you carry it within yourself? To understand this, let us consider the Image and Likeness of God or, in modern terminology, the spiritual and energetic structure of Man.
For the Slavs and Aryans, it is a shining 16-dimensional energy-information cocoon, located outside of time and space. The projection of its manifestation in the 4-dimensional (length, width, height and time) material world (the world of Reveal) resembles the shape of 9 spiritual-energy dolls glowing in different colors of the rainbow, nested one inside the other.
The projection of the internal (smallest) energy-information cocoon-matryoshka for an observer located in the material world is perceived in black. Among the Orthodox Old Believers (their Patriarch gave information about the Cross of Life, on the basis of which this article was written), this color is called “black” and symbolizes the color “very dark blue.” They call it "The Color of Outer Space." However, ordinary people who do not have spiritual vision see this color as black.
The projections of the outer, largest energy-informational cocoons shine with silver and white colors. All internal spiritual-energy cocoons (from smallest to largest ) are perceived in colors: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet.
Their glow and form are the result of the interaction of energy-information flows permeating the worlds of Navi, Reveal, Glory and Rule, collected by the Will of the Most High Family-Progenitor in His Image and Likeness into a spiritual-energy cross, consisting of 37 main and 144 auxiliary rotating swastikas . At the same time, 9 of them are the largest and shine the brightest. This is Man and his Life Cross. True, it is possible to see the Cross of Life only with spiritual eyes.
The bodily eyes, perceiving only the world of reality, see only a coarse material shell in the form of a “bag” of bones and muscles covered with skin, although even this shell, with good posture and arms horizontally spread to the sides, resembles the shape of a cross. This is the densest material energy-informational structure of Man.
But even this “bag” is permeated with the energies of chemical decomposition and synthesis, as well as electromagnetic fields and their force flows, which control the coordinated activity of internal organs through the central nervous system. You yourself have seen the projections of these flows in the form of cardiograms and encephalograms (graphic displays of electromagnetic impulses of the heart and brain), as well as photographs taken using the method of the Kirlian spouses.
What is beyond the perception of the bodily eyes? The same Life Cross that Jesus spoke about to his disciples! By the way, the very first of them (even before Jesus called Andrew the First-Called and other Jewish apostles) was a representative of the Slavic-Aryan people who lived in Palennoi Stan (Palestan) - the Apostle Arius. The people of Paleny Stan then called themselves “Behold (this is) we Aryans (Aryans).” The Jews called them Samaritans. Jesus always cited the Aryans (Samaritans) as an example as a merciful and spiritually mature people.
The Arian Church was one of the first to emerge after the completion of the mission of Jesus Christ in Judea. She gave her followers the most correct picture of the world and most accurately conveyed the essence of His Teachings, based on Vedic Knowledge, for which she was persecuted. By the way, for those who doubt that in addition to the Jews, Aryans lived in the Burned Camp, I can suggest that they realize the simple idea that now the inhabitants of the city of Samara can be called Samaritans. But this is the topic of another article, which can be written if it interests readers.
So, the Slavic-Aryan spiritual-energetic Life Cross consists of 9 of the most powerful swastika energy-informational vortexes associated with the activity of the bone, spinal and brain marrow.
The first of them is located at the level of the coccyx. As a result of the fact that it absorbs the most and emits the least amount of energy and information, its color is black (dark purple, but seen by most as black). It's called Source .
The second is at the level of the bodily pubis. Its color is red. Name - Zarod .
The third energy vortex is located at the level of the navel of the physical body. Its color is orange. It's called Belly (Life).
The fourth swastika vortex of energies rotates at the level of the solar plexus and the first (bottom) fused ribs. Color – gold. Name - Percy (Chest).
The fifth and sixth swastika vortices are located in the area of the shoulder joints and armpits of the Right Hand (right arm) and Shuya (left arm). The swastika of the Hand shines green and is called Lado. Shuya's swastika has a blue glow and is called Lelya. Moreover, the direction of rotation of Lado is Kolovrat (toward the Sun), and Lelya’s is to rotate (along the Sun).
The seventh vortex is located at the level of the junction of the spinal cord and brain. The color is blue. Name Ustye (Mouth).
The eighth swastika rotates in the area of the brain at the level of the eyebrows. Shines purple and is called Chelo .
The ninth vortex circles above the crown, and not in a vertical, but in a horizontal plane. Shines silver color. His name is Spring .
The tenth swastika rotates above the crown, just like the Spring, in a horizontal plane. She shines white and is called the Light.
The Cross of Life described above fills our bodies: Explicit (physical), Zharje (energetic), Navier (sensual), Klubier (mental), Kolobier (intellectual), Divye (spiritual), and two spiritual ones - Causal (particle of Inglia of the Most High Ramhi) and Light (spiritual light of all our lives).
Possesses and controls all these bodies – our True “I”, the Main Zhivatma, whose name is Zhiva. She and her two spiritual bodies are outside of time and space - in the world of Rule. Through Divya’s body, which lives in the world of Slavi and has the ability to interact with the world of Pravi, Zhiva controls all other bodies, which are manifestations of her false “Ego”.
You can find out more detailed information on this topic from the book by Vedaman Vedagora “The Blasphemy of Finist - the Clear Falcon of Russia.”
The projection of Zhiva in the world of Reveal is located at the intersection of the vertical and horizontal spiritual-energy flows of the Life Cross (eight vertically located from the Origin to the Light and two horizontally located - Lado and Lelya vortexes of the Life Force).
This “crossroads” of vertical and horizontal flows of the Life Cross is the place of contact between human consciousness and the co-Knowledge of the Supreme Progenitor. In the Folk Tradition, this “Center” (Middle Point) is called “Alatyr Stone” or “Heart”. The concept of “Heart” comes from the phrase: “Middle” and “This” (one meaning is this, another meaning is radiance). Also, the phrase “Middle” and “Tse”, “Che” is the Vital Force of Man.
From the image of “Heart” comes the concept of “Concentrate” - to align yourself with the Middle Point, i.e. transfer your attention from the false “Ego” to the Living – True “I”. I ask readers not to confuse the spiritual and energetic concept of “Heart”, “Focus” with the cardiac muscle of the physical body. All Russian folk tales and epics are filled with images of the “Stone of Alatyr”, as a manifestation of the Center of the Earthly and Heavenly. The most accurate images are contained in the “Songs of the Gamayun Bird,” which are presented on the Rodobozhie website in text and video format.
Let's consider the purpose of the energy vortexes of the Cross of Life:
The Source, Origin and Belly draw Life Force from the world of Navi.
The Source absorbs the Power of the Earth Element, ensuring the vital activity of the physical body. The Fiery Power of the Progenitor is hidden in it, which for most people is in an unawakened state. Only those who sensibly engage in spiritual self-improvement (yoga) gradually awaken this Power, coordinating their actions and experiences with the Vedic Treatises on yoga and the experience of a knowledgeable person. In yoga, this Power is called Kundalini Shakti.
Those who do not show common sense in yoga (yogis) can cause serious harm to their physical, energetic and mental health, since the Power of Kundalini Shakti controls the life activity of our entire Universe. Compared to Her power, hydrogen and nuclear bombs look like New Year's firecrackers and firecrackers. We can say that this is the Power of the Progenitor Family in the images of the Goddesses Rozhana and Zhiva.
The embryo receives energy from the Element of Water and other living beings, and also absorbs and emits the energy of reproduction. Through this vortex flow, a woman enters the male power necessary to conceive and bear a child, the energy of the male seed, the energy of the images of the Spirit (the qualities of a man who is alive) and the Blood (the qualities of her husband’s Breed).
With this flow of Life Force, a woman receives the gifts of her husband: the Blessing of her husband’s Family (she receives the protection of her husband’s Family, in addition to the patronage of her father’s Family), the Gift of Motherhood, the Women’s Share (the gift of love for her husband and children) and Family Memory (intuitive insight into accumulated experience of their incarnations and the incarnations of their Ancestors along the female line, necessary to create and maintain an atmosphere of Love and Harmony in the family and home).
A man through the Origin receives a gift from his wife - the Gift of Fatherhood (the ability to embody full-fledged offspring, the talent of teaching sons the Wisdom of Life and his profession, the talent of raising the best qualities of future wives in his daughters, the talent of spiritual education of his wife and children to bring them after him to God) .
The Belly (Life) receives and radiates the Life Force and Wisdom of the Family, as well as the energy of the Element of Fire. First, in the womb, through the umbilical cord, and then, after birth, from the Almighty Progenitor in the images of: the Patron God of the Family, the Alive Goddess and the Lord Star.
This energy controls the origin and development of Human Life, first in the seed of his father, then in the womb of his mother. The Belly (Life) controls the lower energy centers, as well as the entire Life of an individual, including the conception of his children, their birth and upbringing. If higher energy information centers are not developed and are not consciously used by him, this is not yet a Man, but only a Living (Resident).
The next three vortexes: Percy (Chest), Lado and Lelya receive and emit Life-carrying energies of the world of Reveal.
Percy (Chest) provides “Solar Breathing” (the ability to receive and emit the energy of the Air Element and the Life Force of Yarila the Sun), receives and emits information and energy of Creative Creation, revealing the ability to create objects of the Explicit World.
Percy also manages the processes of acquiring and transferring military, production and administrative skills, the ability to creatively organize the Living Space around him: in the house, in the family, in the family household, in the work collective, in the village (village). As they master these capabilities, people learn to organize the Living Space around them in the city, Vesi (region), in the State, on Earth (planet).
Lado receives and radiates the energies of Love, Tenderness, Happiness, Goodness. In the Lado vortex, the “Ha” energy predominates - the male Power of the Progenitor Family, manifesting itself in the world of Reveal as the “Yang” energy. Previously, in Rus' they used to say about a woman “my Lada”, and about a man – “my Lado”.
Lelya provides intuitive knowledge of the world of reality and intuitive creativity in it (technical inventions, scientific discoveries). In Lelya’s whirlwind, the “Tha” energy predominates - the female Power of the Progenitor Family, manifesting itself in the world of Reveal as the “In” energy. People who are aware of the vital activity of their energy vortexes Lado (Ha) and Lelya (Tha) can begin to consciously streamline their interaction with the inner and outer world by taking up Ha-Tha Yoga.
If the higher spiritual and energy centers are not developed and are not consciously used, this is still not a Man, but only a People (Ludina). However, even if only these centers of consciousness (from Istok to Lelya) are well developed, they say about such people: “Garna Lyudina!”
The following three vortexes: Mouth (Mouth), Brow and Spring receive and emit the Vital energies of the Element of Ether (Space) and the world of Glory (the highest levels of Light Navi).
The Mouth (Mouth) provides Man with the perception and transmission of the energy of Sensual Images. All representatives of the arts use this spiritual and energy center in their creativity. He helps to bring the Beautiful from higher worlds into the world of Reveal.
The forehead perceives and transmits Mental images that control the intellectual and spiritual development of Man, provides the possibility of Clairvoyance and Clairaudience, i.e. visual and auditory perception of the multidimensional (from 5 to 16 dimensions) world of Slava, as well as the Past and Future world of Reveal and parallel Explicit worlds.
The spring perceives and emits the energy of the Will and the Highest Spiritual images of the world of Glory, as well as the Spiritual images of the world of Rule. The spring is the main organ of interaction with the ascended Ancestors, Patron Gods and the Progenitor Family. Anyone who has developed the mental and spiritual abilities to consciously perceive and control the Life Force of the Mouth, Brow and Spring deservedly acquires the title of a Man bearing his Life Cross.
The lamp receives and emits the energies of the Highest Spiritual images of the world of Rule. When a Man reaches the level of consciousness of the God of the world of Glory, his Life, carried away by the Power of Ascension to the Family (Kundalini-Shakti), rises to the Light and, through it, enters the world of Rule. This is how she acquires a Personal relationship with the Progenitor Rod and its Transpersonal Essence – Ramha. Such People are called Light Elders and Elders (Stara means 100 Ra, i.e. radiating Ra a hundred times).
I hope it’s now clear what Jesus was saying to his disciples? That's right, he invited them to follow his spiritual experience and become, after him, the Gods of the world of Glory.
What then is the “Procession of the Cross”? For Christians, this is walking with candles, church utensils and psalms around (around) a settlement affected by an epidemic in order to cure the disease. In addition, they walk around the church on Easter, which symbolizes the “walking of the myrrh-bearing women to the tomb of Jesus,” in the hope of seeing him not dead, but alive.
In the Primordial (Old) Faith of the Slavs and Aryans - Rodobozhia, this is a rite of Sedition - a daily meeting, farewell and “Carrying your Life Cross” following your elder brother - the God of the world Rule Yarila-Sun, who fills the entire Solar System with the Ra-Light of the Truth of the Most High and the inhabitants of its 27 Lands (planets) in all three worlds: Navi, Reveal and Rule. Slavic-Aryan Sedition is a ritual of co-attunement with the elder Brother Yarila the Sun with the goal of following His path and further becoming a God like Yarila the Treslight.
Expression: “You have no cross!” - this is convicting someone that he is not yet a Human, therefore he does not understand the human level of relationships and cannot maintain them, or has degraded from the Human level of consciousness to the Human, or even worse - to the Everyday.
Only People who have reached the level of consciousness of God or the Goddess of the world Slava (Elder or Elder), who have nurtured their Divya bodies (Souls), can maintain their attention in them and, under the control of their True Selves, can “put a cross on someone” — Alive, able to overcome the darkness of their false “Egos.”
In this case, they can “put a cross on someone,” i.e. to grant the student his experience and the opportunity to quickly reveal his spiritual potential through mastering his chakra activity, i.e. bringing all the student’s swastika vortices to harmonious interaction with other living beings, Nature, Native Gods and the Supreme Progenitor.
Features of the old faith
The global difference between the Old Believer cross and the Orthodox cross is that the former does not contain an image of the crucified Jesus. For Old Believers, this fact is of great importance.
Double crucifix
Firstly, the pectoral cross is not only a symbol of faith, a sign of involvement in Orthodoxy, but also an every second reminder to a person of the martyrdom of Christ for the sake of the salvation of mankind. The cross itself is a crucifixion. Therefore, the image of the Savior on it actually means that he is being crucified again. Which, according to the Old Believers, is a mockery of Jesus.
Insult to a shrine
Secondly, supporters of the old faith share the concepts of “symbol” and “image”. Thus, the pectoral cross is a symbol of sincere faith in God, and the image of Christ is an image corresponding to the icon image. Therefore, Old Believers believe that by hiding an icon with the image of the Savior under clothes, a person, in essence, turns it into a pagan amulet. Which, of course, cannot be considered Christian behavior.
Male and female cross
Another feature of the Old Believers’ symbol of faith is that men’s and women’s vests differ in shape. The first ones have smooth side edges and a strict shape. Which symbolizes strength, courage, protection of the family. The second ones look like flower petals. Which symbolizes the birth of a new life, flexibility, meekness.
Women's cross of the Old Believers
These are the ancient Slavic amulets with crosses that have survived to this day:
An example of an amulet cross from the 11th-12th centuries. It has two doors, inside there was an insert that has a magical meaning.
An example of a Slavic cross from the 12th-13th centuries. with the meaning of prosperity and wealth. On such a cross, the symbol “Sown Field” was a frequently encountered image.
An example of a cast Slavic amulet cross from the 12th-13th centuries. The pendant is carved in the shape of a four-pointed equilateral cross, which includes a solar sign in the form of a swastika, decorated with balls of false grain. The table of contents looks like a flattened bead.
An example of a Slavic cross from the 12th-13th centuries. The pendant is round, slotted, with a four-pointed equilateral cross included. The cross has a diamond-shaped middle cross and curved ends. The table of contents looks like a flat ear.
An example of a Slavic cross from the 12th-13th centuries. Cross-shaped equilateral openwork loop-ended pendant with a rhombic center cross and looped ends. The front side is decorated with a relief image of a rope with balls of false grain. The table of contents is made in the form of a flat ear. In this symbol one can clearly discern a ringed cross - the Sign of God Dazhdbog.
An example of a Slavic cross, second half. XII century The cross-shaped equilateral round pendant has a square center cross and four blades in the form of semicircles. The front side is decorated with two relief 5-shaped figures intersecting at the middle cross and having spiral curls at the ends. The table of contents is made in the form of a bead. Probably used by sailors in honor of the Patron of seafarers, God Pereplut.
An example of a Slavic cross from the 13th-14th centuries. A four-pointed equilateral cross with a rectangular cross and crossed ends. The table of contents looks like a flat ear.
An example of a cast copper Slavic cross from the 13th-14th centuries. The cross is four-pointed, equilateral, with flared ends. In the middle cross there is a rhombus with an inscribed four-pointed cross. The table of contents has the appearance of a faceted bead.
An example of a female Slavic cross from the 11th-13th centuries. Equilateral pendant with round blades decorated with champlevé enamel (partially lost) and an oblique cross in the middle cross. The table of contents looks like a flat ear. As you can see, the oblique cross is clearly visible.
An example of an Old Believer cross - amulet of the 11th-12th centuries. As you can see, it combines a straight male fire cross and a female water oblique cross.
An example of a northern pectoral cross, common in our area. Actually, it was precisely this kind of cross that protected the Old Believers in our places, who preserved pre-Christian culture.
