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GOSPEL OF MATTHEW chapter 10

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1 And calling His twelve disciples, He gave them power over unclean spirits, to cast them out and to heal all manner of sickness and all manner of disease.

2 And these are the names of the twelve apostles: first Simon, who was called Peter, and Andrew his brother, James Zebedee, and John his brother,

3 Philip and Bartholomew, Thomas and Matthew the publican, James Alphaeus and Lebbeus, called Thaddeus,

Saint Matthew and the Angel. Artist Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio 1602

4 Simon the Zealot and Judas Iscariot, who betrayed Him.

5 These twelve Jesus sent, and commanded them, saying, Go not into the way of the Gentiles, neither enter into the city of the Samaritans;

6 But go ye especially unto the lost sheep of the house of Israel;

7 As you go, preach that the kingdom of heaven is at hand;

8 Heal the sick, cleanse the lepers, raise the dead, cast out demons; freely you have received, freely give.

9 Do not take with you gold, silver, or copper in your belts,

10 neither a scrip for the journey, nor two coats, nor sandals, nor a staff, for the worker is worthy of his food.

11 Whatever city or village you enter, inquire who is worthy in it, and remain there until you leave;

12 And when you enter a house, greet it, saying, “Peace to this house.”

13 And if the house is worthy, then your peace will come upon it; if you are not worthy, then your peace will return to you.

14 And if anyone does not receive you and does not listen to your words, then when you leave that house or city, shake off the dust from your feet;

15 Truly I say to you, it will be more bearable for the land of Sodom and Gomorrah on the day of judgment than for that city.

16 Behold, I send you out as sheep among wolves: therefore be ye wise as serpents, and innocent as doves.

Parting words of Jesus Christ to the twelve Apostles. Artist Y. Sh von KAROLSFELD

17 Beware of men, for they will hand you over to the courts, and in their synagogues they will beat you,

18 And you will be brought before governors and kings for My sake, for a testimony before them and the Gentiles.

19 But when they betray you, do not worry how or what to say; for at that hour it will be given to you what to say,

20 For it is not you who will speak, but the Spirit of your Father who will speak in you.

21 But brother will betray brother to death, and father son; and children will rise up against their parents and kill them;

22 And you will be hated by everyone because of My name; he who endures to the end will be saved.

23 When they persecute you in one city, flee to another. For truly I say to you, before you have gone around the cities of Israel, the Son of Man comes.

24 A student is not above his teacher, and a servant is not above his master:

25 It is sufficient for the disciple that he should be as his teacher, and for the servant that he should be as his master. If the master of the house was called Beelzebub, how much more of his household?

26 So do not be afraid of them, for there is nothing hidden that will not be revealed, and nothing secret that will not be known.

27 What I say to you in the dark, speak in the light; and whatever you hear in the ear, preach on the housetops.

28 And do not be afraid of those who kill the body, but are not able to kill the soul; but fear Him more who can destroy both soul and body in Gehenna.

29 Are not two small birds sold for an assar? And not one of them will fall to the ground without the will of your Father;

30 And the hairs of your head are all numbered;

31 Do not be afraid: you are better than many small birds.

32 Therefore everyone who confesses Me before men, him will I also confess before My Father who is in heaven;

33 But whoever denies Me before men, him will I also deny before My Father who is in heaven.

34 Do not think that I came to bring peace to earth; I did not come to bring peace, but a sword,

35 For I have come to set a man against his father, and a daughter against her mother, and a daughter-in-law against her mother-in-law.

36 And a man’s enemies are his own household.

37 He who loves father or mother more than Me is not worthy of Me; and whoever loves a son or daughter more than Me is not worthy of Me;

38 And whoever does not take up his cross and follow Me is not worthy of Me.

39 He who saves his life will lose it; but he who loses his life for My sake will save it.

40 Whoever receives you receives Me, and whoever receives Me receives Him who sent Me;

41 whoever receives a prophet in the name of a prophet will receive the reward of a prophet; and whoever receives the righteous, in the name of the righteous, will receive the reward of the righteous.

42 And whoever gives one of these little ones to drink only a cup of cold water in the name of a disciple, truly I say to you, will not lose his reward.

10:1-4 And calling His twelve disciples, He gave them power over unclean spirits to cast them out and heal every disease and every infirmity. 2 And the names of the twelve apostles are these: first Simon, called Peter, and Andrew his brother, James Zebedee and John his brother, 3 Philip and Bartholomew, Thomas and Matthew the publican, James Alphaeus and Levbeus, called Thaddeus, 4 Simon the Canaanite and Judas Iscariot, who betrayed Him.

Here Jesus fulfills what he said in 9:36-38: God helped him find “laborers for the spiritual harvest” and showed him whom to choose as apostles (John 17:6,12). So Jesus chose 12 apostles and gave them clear instructions for the “opening of the harvest season” - the beginning of Christian activity.

Apostles

: The Greek word “apostles” means “plenipotentiary messengers, having the authority of the one who sent them.” Note that the twelve apostles were given authority to do what Jesus did (10:7.8).

Some may ask: Why, when choosing his apostles, did Jesus not include women among them - despite the fact that there were women among his disciples? God chose the apostles of Christ to found the future Church - in fulfillment of the promise to Abraham that through HIS seed all nations would be blessed (prediction about Christianity, Gal. 3:7) The seed of Abraham in Israel was determined by MAN: Abraham begat, Isaac begat, Jacob begat etc. (Matt.1:1-16) The Christian Church is the descendants of Abraham in spirit (Gal.3:7,16), they had to be “born” from men from the line of Abraham: from Christ through his helpers - the apostles. From them, thanks to the gospel, Christian churches were “born” in the 1st century.

10:5 Jesus sent these twelve, and commanded them, saying: Do not go into the way of the Gentiles, and do not enter the city of the Samaritans;

Jesus does not allow going into pagan lands, but does not forbid preaching to everyone who meets on the way through the territory of Israel.

10: 6
But go ye especially unto the lost sheep of the house of Israel;
As we see, at first the ministry of Christ and the apostles was focused on the “lost sheep of the house of Israel” - on natural Israel according to the flesh, to whom the promises of the Kingdom of God were given - so that they would understand that the promise of Abraham about the coming of seed from God would be fulfilled in Christ ( the pagans would not have had the opportunity to accept Christ as the promised Messiah, for they knew nothing about any promises of God).

Why – “ dead”

? Because by the time of the first coming of Christ, Israel according to the flesh had distorted the meaning of the righteousness of God beyond recognition and reduced it exclusively to legalism, developing for this purpose such an additional amount of “literature” (“traditions of the elders”) that the teachings of God turned into the teachings of men, and worship God is under a heavy burden of duty to fulfill all points of human instructions. Israel at the time of Christ's coming needed to turn from their evil deeds (Is. 29:13, Mark 7)

10: 7,8
As you go, preach that the kingdom of heaven is at hand;
8 Heal the sick, cleanse the lepers, raise the dead, cast out demons; freely you have received, freely give. The apostles were entrusted with the task of preaching the approach of the Kingdom of God not only in words, but also in deeds, while explaining what the coming of the Kingdom of God means for the people of God. Moreover, the list of deeds of the Kingdom of God for the apostles was no different from the list of deeds of Christ: preaching, healing, casting out demons and resurrecting the dead. In such a set, the dependence of physical healing and deliverance from death on hearing and perceiving the word of God was clearly visible. Israel was shown that the Kingdom of God would primarily bring about spiritual rebirth and renewal of people from hearing the word of God, and deliverance from death was the result of spiritual renewal.

All the abilities with which the apostles were endowed should have been used for the benefit of Israel free of charge: God's gift is not given for personal gain, but exclusively for the benefit of God's cause.

10: 9,10
Take with you neither gold, nor silver, nor copper for your belts, 10 nor scrip for the journey, nor two coats, nor shoes, nor staff, for the worker is worthy of food.
It is clear that serving God and the Christian path in Israel will occupy almost all the time of the apostles, so one could fuss a little about the need for free healings: but what to live on? However, Jesus immediately reassured them: God will take care of their well-being Himself and so much so that they will not need anything necessary to be able to perform Christian service. They won’t even need to “take with them” (as if “in reserve”) extra money and food.

10:11
Whatever city or village you enter, inquire who is worthy in it, and remain there until you leave
; In those days, evangelists went far from their homes to preach and they simply had nowhere to return to spend the night after a hard day, and there was nowhere to eat. Moreover, in Israel they were accustomed to receiving guests and they were not stunned by the presence of a guest. Those who were interested in the good news were worthy of listening a lot, which is why Christians were given advice to stay not just anywhere, but in the home of those listening.

Today there is no need to use these verses, sitting for a long time and with pleasure with those listening to the good news, to whom it is often simply awkward to show the door. Almost all evangelists today have their own houses to eat and drink.

10: 12,13
And when you enter a house, greet it, saying, “Peace to this house.”
13 And if the house is worthy, then your peace will come upon it; if you are not worthy, then your peace will return to you. These are not the words “spells”. What is meant here is that if you are accepted and listened to, well, in this case, share the good that you have. Well, if not, nothing will be taken away from you, but nothing will be added to them either.

10:14
But if anyone does not receive you and does not listen to your words, then when you leave that house or that city, shake off the dust from your feet
; These words should not be taken as a guide to action. Jews sometimes shook off the dust of their feet after returning from the pagan land, demonstrating their rejection of the pagans in this way: even the dust of the roads, which the feet of the pagans could touch, was unbearable for a righteous Jew.

Therefore, shaking off one’s feet in front of the city should mean the following: the city that did not accept Christ’s disciples, it turns out, did not accept Jesus either. Therefore, in a spiritual sense, it became “pagan,” and therefore subject to judgment, like Sodom and Gomorrah (Acts 13:51). 10:15 of
judgment than for that city.
One may get the impression that Sodom and Gomorrah will be judged once again, which cannot be: God’s judgment has already taken place on them by pouring fire and brimstone from heaven, which is tantamount to destruction in Gehenna, that is, forever (Gen. 19:24; Rev. 20:9,10) God spoke about the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah forever through His prophets in the Old Testament. (Deut.29:19-23; Isa.13:19,20; Zeph.2:9). And in the NT, information about the eternal destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah and similar wicked people was transmitted through the apostles of Christ (Jude 7; 2 Pet. 2: 6,9; 17)

The translation of the World Bible Translation Center - more accurately, in our opinion, conveys the idea of ​​\u200b\u200bthe fate of the cities of Judea that reject Christ: Verily I say, on the day of judgment this city will be worse than Sodom and Gomorrah

Jesus spoke about the inhabitants of the cities of Judea rejecting Christ: in the eyes of God, the sin of Sodom, no matter how grave it was, would weigh less than the sin of rejecting Jesus Christ by His people. And if Sodom was subject to eternal fire for its grave sins, then what could be even worse - for the Jews who rejected Christ? This will help to understand the text of Jeremiah lamenting for the Jews (Lamentations Jer. 4:6-9):

6 The punishment of the wickedness of the daughter of my people exceeds the punishment for the sins of Sodom: it was cast down instantly, and no human hands touched it.

Jeremiah, describing the punishment of the Jews for their apostasy when the king of Babylon began to gradually destroy them, said that their situation was even worse than the situation of Sodom and Gomorrah, which God destroyed instantly.

7 Her princes [were] purer than snow, whiter than milk; they had a body more beautiful than coral, their appearance was like sapphire; 8 And now their face is darker than all; they are not recognized on the streets; their skin stuck to their bones and became as dry as wood.

The condemnation of Judea was much heavier: they, pampered and spoiled by their usual prosperity, were ultimately doomed by their God to a slow and painful extinction from hunger.

9 Those who are killed by the sword are happier than those who are killed by hunger, because they are consumed for want of the fruits of the field.

. Instant death is always better than debilitating death from wounds or exhaustion.

That is, those cities of Judea that reject Christ will be worse off during their judgment than Sodom was because the wicked of Sodom are destroyed instantly, and the Jews, at the warning of Christ, will experience a painful death. This is what happened during the trial of Judea in 70 AD, when the Romans destroyed Jerusalem and burned the temple of God, which remains in ruins to this day: during the punishment of Judea for rejecting Christ, most of the Jews died in fires when they were thrown into prison, scourged, burned and killed by the Romans, plus from painful hunger, and whoever survived was sold into slavery. Only Christians were able to escape this torment by escaping to the mountains of Pella. See also the analysis of the text of Matthew 11:23,24 about the fate of the cities of Israel Chorazin, Capernaum and Bethsaida.

10: 16,17
Behold, I send you out as sheep among wolves: therefore be ye wise as serpents, and innocent as doves.
17 But beware of people: for they will hand you over to the courts and in their synagogues they will beat you. There are three places in the Bible that mention beating in the synagogues: this text is similar to Mark 13:9, where Jesus advises the disciples to be careful. This will not interfere wherever Christians are and whatever they do: they can be beaten by the “wolves” of this world, and even by fellow believers - in meeting places where they gather to read and listen to the word of God (in “synagogues” - in places meetings of congregations of believers). You can even mentally imagine what it is like for a sheep to be among wolves: a Christian will feel the same way in the world of people.

One who follows the path of Christ, even among God’s people, may feel uncomfortable if all the rest of His people have departed from God and are going their own ways. This idea that the prophets of God can be beaten in their synagogues - that is, by their fellow believers in places of meeting - is reflected in the text of Matt. 23:33,34: It is clearly stated that in times of apostasy of the rulers of Jehovah’s people (when they become spiritual “wolves”, cf. Acts 29:17,29,30) His prophets can be beaten even by those of their own faith. And the times of apostasy were in the 1st century, so they persecuted and rejected Jesus Christ. Also, this story will be repeated before Armageddon, when the rulers who apostatized from God and took His place - among His people - will again appear in the temple of Jehovah (2 Thess. 2: 2-4).

So, Jesus warned Christians that, in addition to Christian qualities - honesty, openness, etc. - they will need the prudence and caution of a snake, which does not attack first, but does not allow itself to be offended, and - the innocence of a dove, at the same time - its ability not to fall into the “paws of wolves” looking for a reason to harm a Christian (the dove flies away from problems) . Prudence is the ability to anticipate danger and discern who should say what and when. We must learn to distinguish between times and the essence of what is happening, because there is a time to speak, and there is a time to remain silent (Eccl. 3:7). Especially if times are evil among Jehovah’s people, it is worth keeping quiet more, but not because the Christian is timid or wants to adapt by cunning. But because speaking and doing anything at all must be done WITH MEANING: at least in order to be heard. And in evil times, a Christian will not be heard, but he can harm himself and his neighbors if he behaves unreasonably and thereby gives a reason to harm himself (Prov. 22:3; Amos. 5:13; Matt. 7:6; Matt.10:16; 2Cor.11:12). It was not for nothing that Jesus told the sheep that when you go to wolves, be like snakes and doves, and not like sheep: wolves are afraid of snakes, and they cannot keep up with doves. But if a “sheep” honestly shows up in the “wolves’” den, saying, “Here I am, an honest “sheep,” then consider that she will give the “wolves” a wonderful reason to dine on her. And what's the point? NOTHING, if we consider this act in the light of the word of Jehovah.

That is, waving directness and honesty as a “red flag” is not always appropriate in Christianity. This is taught by God and His Christ (references to the Bible - see above). However, the difficult path of a Christian is shown by Jesus not only for the apostles, but also, in principle, for Christianity as a whole (for all Christians who happen to live in “evil” times, Amos.5:13; Ac.29:17,29,30 ).

10: 18-20
And you will be brought before governors and kings for My sake, to be a witness to them and to the Gentiles.
19 But when they betray you, do not worry how or what to say; for in that hour it will be given to you what to say, 20 for it is not you who will speak, but the Spirit of your Father who will speak in you. Both government and religious authorities may persecute the disciples of Christ, but a Christian should not worry too much about this. But not in the sense that God will take care and they will certainly be acquitted in the courts thanks to the wise answers of a Christian against his accusers. No. And in the sense that even if the authorities do harm to a Christian, they will condemn him NOT on the basis of a FAIR accusation against a Christian, but at their own request, for a Christian will always be given the wisdom to resist the accusations of the authorities and expose their injustice. No one can resist in wisdom the word of defense of the Christian himself, moved by the Holy Spirit.

10: 21,22, 34-37
But brother will betray brother to death, and father son;
and children will rise up against their parents and kill them; 22 And you will be hated by everyone because of My name; he who endures to the end will be saved. All categories of people - both relatives and strangers - will hate a Christian.
But not because it is called that. And for the RIGHTEOUS WAY OF LIFE of a Christian walking the path of Christ. In the name of Jesus Christ - his inner essence is hidden, his message of Jehovah-Shua
- “Jehovah is salvation” - is reflected, for this is the meaning of the name of Jesus.

34 Do not think that I came to bring peace to earth; I did not come to bring peace, but a sword, 35 for I came to divide a man against his father, and a daughter against her mother, and a daughter-in-law against her mother-in-law. 36 And a man’s enemies are his own household. 37 He who loves father or mother more than Me is not worthy of Me; and whoever loves a son or daughter more than Me is not worthy of Me;

Discouraging words. And sobering - at the same time. A Christian cannot see a rosy, refined life. Even those closest to you may not understand the aspirations of a Christian who appears in the family. Relatives can say to a Christian: “What kind of faith is this that requires putting teachers above relatives?!” But if relatives oppose the Christian serving the Almighty and leading a Christian lifestyle, will the Christian follow the lead of his family? Will he renounce the path of Christ for the sake of pleasing his family? And if he doesn’t refuse, will he be ready for the fact that the sword of spiritual division can cut apart families? Or will he give in to his relatives, leave God and submit to their “strong” hand for the sake of maintaining peace with his relatives?

And such questions can arise on the Christian path. But if it is not necessary to resolve issues of spiritual separation with strangers (you can turn around and just leave), then in a divided family life can become unbearable. That is why it is said that the greatest grief for a Christian can be caused by a family that resists accepting Christ.

And if a believer loves his relatives more and chooses to please them rather than God; if, frightened by the threats or tears of his family, he prefers to fulfill their demands instead of going through the race of Christ of God, he will turn out to be unworthy of the attention of God and His Christ, who intercedes for all believers, who steadfastly and with devotion to God goes through all the tests of faith, including resistance, threats and blackmail of family members. See also Matthew 19:29

10:23
When they persecute you in one city, flee to another
. For truly I tell you: a Christian should not be stubborn and importunate with the offer of the Christian way of life: if somewhere he is rejected, it would be wrong to insist that he be accepted without fail and continue to visit the one who refused with enviable frequency. The Christian's job is to find those who will listen and want to become Christians. And not to convert to Christianity those who do not want to be Christians.

You will not have time to go around the cities of Israel before the Son of Man comes.

Here is a prophecy about a certain coming of Christ to the territory of the cities of Israel (note, not just the cities of the world), which the disciples will not have time to get around. It could be:

1) about the coming of Christ in order to judge Israel according to the flesh as an apostate people, and then this was fulfilled in 70 AD. e. at the time of the destruction of the Jewish system of things, the temple and the O.T. worship.

2) about the second coming for the judgment of the whole earth. However, one should not lose sight of the fact that even in this case, his disciples will not have time to bypass certain cities of “Israel” - the “cities” of the people of God that existed at the time of his second coming.

10: 24,25
A disciple is not above his teacher, and a servant is not above his master: 25 It is sufficient for a disciple that he should be as his teacher, and for a servant that he should be as his master.
If the master of the house was called Beelzebub, how much more of his household? If a student follows in the footsteps of his teacher, then the attitude towards him will be the same as the attitude towards the teacher. If Christ is considered the head of demons, then few will perceive Christ’s disciples as God’s messengers. Christians must be prepared for such a “cordial” welcome.

10: 26,27
So do not be afraid of them, for there is nothing hidden that will not be revealed, and nothing secret that will not be known.
27 What I say to you in the dark, speak in the light; and whatever you hear in the ear, preach on the housetops. If you are prepared for such “cordiality,” then when confronted with it, it is possible to remain steadfast in your faith and not be afraid of persecution, even in the form of death. Jesus assures his disciples that no attempt on the part of God’s opponents to retain His truth and enlightenment by persecuting Christians will be successful; one way or another, all the peoples of the earth will sooner or later learn everything that Christ commanded to learn about God through their students (everything secret will become clear).

10: 2 8
And do not be afraid of those who kill the body, but are not able to kill the soul;
but fear Him more who can destroy both soul and body in Gehenna. The body in this case represents a mortal person, and the soul is life (see the footnote to Matthew 16:25 in the Synodal Bible, where the word “soul” is designated by the word “life”) Why a believer does not need to fear death if he is in danger because of maintaining devotion to God?
Because the greatest thing they can do to a believer in this wicked age is to kill him ( kill the body
).
But if he remained devoted to God until death (he did not sin, did not make concessions to the wicked out of fear of death), then God will certainly resurrect him ( soul
or
life
will not be killed, it will be returned in the new world), and the murderers of the century This will not be able to influence this in any way.
In this century, one must fear not death (sooner or later, every person will die anyway, Heb. 9:27), but the betrayal of God: if a believer, fearing for his life, sins under the pressure of the wicked and renounces God, then his life is in they may not be returned to the new world through resurrection ( God will destroy both soul and body in Gehenna,
destroy man forever)

10: 2 9
Are not two small birds sold for an assar?
And not one of them will fall to the ground without the [will] of your Father; 30 And the hairs of your head are all numbered; 31 Do not be afraid: you are better than many small birds. If God even keeps all the sparrows accounted for, then even more so, he who does His will will not be forgotten and neglected. In a word, a believer does not need to fear anyone but God.

10: 32,33
Therefore everyone who confesses Me before men, him will I also confess before My Father who is in heaven;
Therefore, you should not be afraid to explain the reasons for your Christian lifestyle: “I do not behave this way and live this way because I myself am so good. But because I serve God and His Christ” - this is the principle of preaching with lips and deeds. And also, when choosing what to do, we do not look at human opinion and are not afraid of not pleasing people, but we act as God pleases and as Christ expects from us. And it doesn’t matter what people think about us.

If we confess Christ, then we glorify His Father, and if we glorify His Father, then He will not forget about our work for Him.

33 But whoever denies Me before men, him will I also deny before My Father who is in heaven.

A stern warning. Peter denied THREE TIMES. Jesus did not deny him. Judas denied ONCE. And another accepted his dignity. Why such a difference? Peter - in the weakness of the flesh momentarily out of fear of death. Judas - planned out of a desire to get rich. Let's try not to want more than we have. Especially if, to achieve this more, we would have to renounce Christ or act not according to his truth.

10:34-37

- see
10:21,22
10:37
Whoever loves father or mother more than Me is not worthy of Me
; and whoever loves a son or daughter more than Me is not worthy of Me; A case in point is Adam, who loved Eve more than Jehovah. Love for Jehovah and His principles should come first for a Christian and prevail in any choice.

10:38 does
not take up his cross and follow Me is not worthy of Me.
It is not a question of enduring a particular Christian burden, such as caring for a paralyzed parent, working hard, enduring personal problems, or fulfilling Christian responsibilities in the congregation taken on of one's own free will. No.

Here we are talking about COMPLETE OBEDIENCE to Jesus of every Christian living IN THEIR PERSONAL CIRCUMSTANCES, and FOLLOWING THE WAY OF CHRIST UNTIL DEATH - this is what it means to bear your cross.

10:39 He
who saves his life will lose it;
but he who loses his life for My sake will save it. Anyone who is more concerned about preserving his life at any cost and, in the event of a threat to his life, “throws off” the cross of Christ or deviates from the truth and begins to act not according to the truth of God, but according to the rules of the prince of this world, violating the commandments of God - he has little chance of gaining eternal future. Whoever can subordinate himself and his life in order to fulfill the work of Christ has hope for an eternal future. And it doesn’t matter how long and how he lives here, in this century: it is foolish for a wanderer and stranger to count on comfort and a carefree life in a foreign country, but for a Christian, the whole world is like a country of strangers.

10: 40-42
Whoever receives you receives Me, and whoever receives Me receives Him who sent Me;
41 whoever receives a prophet in the name of a prophet will receive the reward of a prophet; and whoever receives the righteous, in the name of the righteous, will receive the reward of the righteous. “Whoever accepts... IN THE NAME ...
of the prophet... the righteous..."
Let us note that he will accept not because the guest, for example, or because he needs help, or because he is a good person, who we need, but specifically because he is a messenger from God and in the way of Christ coming. By accepting Christians for THIS reason, we show God that we value HIM and for HIM’s sake we accept everyone who comes to Him, because we ourselves go there in life.

“He will receive the reward of a prophet... a righteous man”

.
This verse emphasizes that when we receive the one who is sent, we receive the one who sent it. 42 And whoever gives one of these little ones to drink only a cup of cold water in the name of a disciple, truly I say to you, will not lose his reward.
Reminds me of the moment when Jesus praises those who helped his least brothers in their needs: “
And the king will answer them: “Truly I say to you, just as you did it to one of the least of my brothers, you did it to me.
” (Matt. 25 :40) Who are the lesser brothers of Christ? He will decide for himself. But if people do not oppose Christians fulfilling the mission of evangelists of the Kingdom of God, then Christ will approve of them and they will not lose their reward, accepting with goodness the messengers of God and His Christ.

Bible Online

1And calling His twelve disciples, He gave them power over unclean spirits, to cast them out and to heal all manner of sickness and all manner of disease.

2 And these are the names of the twelve apostles: first Simon, who was called Peter, and Andrew his brother, James Zebedee, and John his brother,

3 Philip and Bartholomew, Thomas and Matthew the publican, James Alphaeus and Lebbeus, called Thaddeus,

4 Simon the Zealot and Judas Iscariot, who betrayed Him.

5 These twelve Jesus sent, and commanded them, saying, Go not into the way of the Gentiles, neither enter into the city of the Samaritans;

6 But go ye especially unto the lost sheep of the house of Israel;

7 As you go, preach that the kingdom of heaven is at hand;

8 Heal the sick, cleanse the lepers, raise the dead, cast out demons; freely you have received, freely give.

9 Do not take with you gold, silver, or copper in your belts,

10 neither a scrip for the journey, nor two coats, nor sandals, nor a staff, for the worker is worthy of his food.

11 Whatever city or village you enter, inquire who is worthy in it, and remain there until you leave;

12 And when you enter a house, greet it, saying, “Peace to this house.”

13 And if the house is worthy, then your peace will come upon it; if you are not worthy, then your peace will return to you.

14 And if anyone does not receive you and does not listen to your words, then when you leave that house or city, shake off the dust from your feet;

15 Truly I say to you, it will be more bearable for the land of Sodom and Gomorrah on the day of judgment than for that city.

16 Behold, I send you out as sheep among wolves: therefore be ye wise as serpents, and innocent as doves.

17 Beware of men, for they will hand you over to the courts, and in their synagogues they will beat you,

18 And you will be brought before governors and kings for My sake, for a testimony before them and the Gentiles.

19 But when they betray you, do not worry how or what to say; for at that hour it will be given to you what to say,

20 For it is not you who will speak, but the Spirit of your Father who will speak in you.

21 But brother will betray brother to death, and father son; and children will rise up against their parents and kill them;

22 And you will be hated by everyone because of My name; he who endures to the end will be saved.

23 When they persecute you in one city, flee to another. For truly I say to you, before you have gone around the cities of Israel, the Son of Man comes.

24 A student is not above his teacher, and a servant is not above his master:

25 It is sufficient for the disciple that he should be as his teacher, and for the servant that he should be as his master. If the master of the house was called Beelzebub, how much more of his household?

26 So do not be afraid of them, for there is nothing hidden that will not be revealed, and nothing secret that will not be known.

27 What I say to you in the dark, speak in the light; and whatever you hear in the ear, preach on the housetops.

28 And do not be afraid of those who kill the body, but are not able to kill the soul; but fear Him more who can destroy both soul and body in Gehenna.

29 Are not two small birds sold for an assar? And not one of them will fall to the ground without the [will] of your Father;

30 And the hairs of your head are all numbered;

31 Do not be afraid: you are better than many small birds.

32 Therefore everyone who confesses Me before men, him will I also confess before My Father who is in heaven;

33 But whoever denies Me before men, him will I also deny before My Father who is in heaven.

34 Do not think that I came to bring peace to earth; I did not come to bring peace, but a sword,

35 For I have come to set a man against his father, and a daughter against her mother, and a daughter-in-law against her mother-in-law.

36 And a man's enemies are his own household.

37 He who loves father or mother more than Me is not worthy of Me; and whoever loves a son or daughter more than Me is not worthy of Me;

38 And whoever does not take up his cross and follow Me is not worthy of Me.

39 He who saves his life will lose it; but he who loses his life for My sake will save it.

40 Whoever receives you receives Me, and whoever receives Me receives Him who sent Me;

41 whoever receives a prophet in the name of a prophet will receive the reward of a prophet; and whoever receives the righteous, in the name of the righteous, will receive the reward of the righteous.

42 And whoever gives one of these little ones to drink only a cup of cold water in the name of a disciple, truly I say to you, will not lose his reward.

PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION OF THE MF-10SP DEVICE:

The principle of operation of the device is based on the creation of a uniformly decreasing magnetic stray field along two extended artificial discontinuities in the form of slits with a width of 50 and 100 microns in the magnetic core of an electromagnet.

Treatment of the surface of a magnetic circuit with a discontinuity with the tested magnetic powder (or suspension)

By measuring on the instrument scale in millimeters the length of one of the indicator patterns of discontinuities depending on the particle size of the magnetic powder

The conditional sensitivity of magnetic powder (suspensions) is determined by comparatively assessing the length of the indicator patterns formed by the magnetic powder (suspension) being tested and the magnetic powder (suspension) that provides the required conditional level of sensitivity of the magnetic particle method of non-destructive testing of specific products.

The relationship between the length of the indicator pattern and the conditional sensitivity of a specific type of magnetic powder (suspension) is established by the consumer.

Chapter Ten

Matthew 10:1. And calling His twelve disciples, He gave them power over unclean spirits to cast them out and heal every disease and every infirmity.

Elects twelve disciples according to the number of twelve tribes. Giving them strength. He sent them, although there were few of them, since in general there are few who follow a narrow path. He gave them the power of working miracles, so that, striking with miracles, they would have listeners attentive to their teaching.

Matthew 10:2. The names of the twelve apostles are these: the first Simon, called Peter, and Andrew his brother,

Matthew lists the names of the apostles because of the false apostles. He puts Peter and Andrew first, because they were called first; then the sons of Zebedee, but of these he places James first before John, for he does not number them according to their merit, but simply as he had to. So he says:

James Zebedee and John his brother,

Matthew 10:3. Philip and Bartholomew, Thomas and Matthew the publican, James Alphaeus and Levbeus, called Thaddeus,

Matthew 10:4. Simon the Canaanite and Judas Iscariot, who betrayed Him.

Look at the humility of Matthew: he placed himself after Thomas, and when he reached Judas, he did not say: “this vile man, this enemy of God,” but called him Iscariot, after his fatherland, because there was another Judas - Levway or Thaddeus. So, there were two Jacobs: one Zebedee, the other Alphaeus, and two Judas: Judas Thaddeus and Judas the traitor, and three Simons: Peter, the Canaanite and the traitor, for Judas Iscariot was called Simon.

Matthew 10:5. These twelve Jesus sent and commanded them, saying: Do not go into the way of the Gentiles, and do not enter the city of the Samaritans,

Matthew 10:6. but go ye especially unto the lost sheep of the house of Israel;

Matthew 10:7. As you go, preach that the Kingdom of Heaven is at hand;

“Sih” – who? Fishermen, ordinary people, tax collectors. Initially he sends them to the Jews so that they cannot say: the apostles were sent to the pagans, therefore we Jews did not believe. So He makes the Jews unresponsive. The Samaritans are placed along with the pagans, since they, being Babylonians, inhabited Judea and did not accept the prophets, but only the five books of Moses. By the Kingdom of Heaven he means bliss. The Lord gives the apostles miracles as weapons, telling them:

Matthew 10:8. Heal the sick, cleanse the lepers, raise the dead, cast out demons. Freely you have received, freely give.

Nothing befits a teacher more than humility and non-covetousness. Therefore, these two virtues are shown here when he says, “Freely you have received, freely give.” Do not become arrogant in having such blessings and giving them away, because you have received them freely and by grace. But with humility of mind, be non-covetous: “freely,” he says, “give.” Having completely uprooted the root of all evil, he says:

Matthew 10:9. Take with you neither gold, nor silver, nor copper in your belts,

Matthew 10:10. neither a bag for the journey, nor two coats, nor shoes, nor a staff, for the worker is worthy of food.

Accustoms them to any severity. Therefore, distracting them from any excess and making them completely carefree, it does not allow them to carry wands. For this is truly non-covetousness, which encourages one to believe in the One who teaches about non-covetousness. Then, so that they don’t say: “Where will we get food from?” - says: “the worker is worthy of food,” that is, you will eat from your disciples, for they must provide this to you as laborers. Food, he said, and not luxury, because teachers should not live in luxury.

Matthew 10:11. Whatever city or village you enter, visit who is worthy in it, and stay there until you leave;

He does not order everyone to enter, so that by communicating with the unworthy they will not become the subject of slander, and if they go to only the worthy, then, of course, they will find food. He commands them to stay and not move from house to house, so that they are not reproached as gluttons, and so that those who receive them for the first time do not consider themselves offended.

Matthew 10:12. And when you enter a house, greet it, saying: Peace to this house;

Matthew 10:13. and if the house is worthy, then your peace will come upon it; if you are not worthy, then your peace will return to you.

By kissing and peace we mean a blessing that is only with the worthy. Learn from this that it is mainly our deeds that bless us.

Matthew 10:14. And if anyone does not receive you and does not listen to your words, then, when leaving that house or city, shake off the dust from your feet;

Matthew 10:15. Truly I say to you, it will be more bearable for the land of Sodom and Gomorrah on the day of judgment than for that city.

The Lord wants them to shake off the dust, showing that they did not take anything there because of their unbelief, or testifying that the path they walked was very long, and they made it without benefit. So, it will be more bearable for the Sodomites than for these unbelievers, for the Sodomites, being punished here, will be punished much more easily there.

Matthew 10:16. Behold, I am sending you out like sheep among wolves:

The Lord gave them miracles as weapons and provided them with food, opening the doors of the worthy for them; now, showing His foresight, He speaks about the dangers that are about to happen to them, and invigorates them with words. “I,” he says, “are strong, so dare, for you will be inviolable. But it also prepares them for suffering. Just as it is impossible for a sheep not to suffer among wolves, so it is for you among the Jews; but even if you suffer, do not be angry. I want you to be meek like sheep, and this is the main way to win.”

Therefore, be wise as serpents and simple as doves.

He wants his students to be wise. So that, hearing that they are compared to sheep, you do not think that a Christian must be weak-minded, he says: he must also be wise, knowing how to live among a mass of enemies. Just as a snake exposes its entire body to blows, but protects its head, so a Christian must give everything to those who beat him, even his body, but must protect his head, which is Christ and faith in Him; just as a snake, shrinking in some hole and crawling, throws off its old skin, so we, walking along a narrow path, must peel off the old man. But since the snake does harm, the Lord commands us to be simple, that is, pure, gentle and harmless, like doves, for the latter, even deprived of their children and being persecuted, immediately return to their owners. So, be wise as a snake, so that they do not laugh at you in life, but so that everything you have is immaculate. As for harm in relation to others, then be like a dove, that is, not malicious, simple.

Matthew 10:17. Beware of people, for they will hand you over to the courts and beat you in their synagogues,

Matthew 10:18. and you will be brought before governors and kings for Me, to testify before them and the Gentiles.

You see what it means to be wise: to be careful and not give a reason to those who want to persecute, but to arrange their affairs wisely. Whether the persecutor wants property or honors, give it so that he has no reason to persecute you, but if he takes away your faith, then take care of this head of yours. Christ intended to send His disciples not only to the Jews, but also to the pagans, which is why he says: “for testimony before them and the pagans,” that is, to expose those who do not believe.

Matthew 10:19. When they betray you, do not worry about how or what to say; for in that hour it will be given to you what to say;

Matthew 10:20. For it is not you who will speak, but the Spirit of your Father who will speak in you.

So that they don’t say: “How can we, simple people, convince the wise?” “The Lord commands them to be brave and not worry about it.” When we have to converse among the faithful, we must prepare ourselves in advance to defend ourselves, as Peter admonishes; but in the midst of raging nations and kings, the Lord promises His strength so that we will not fear. It is our business to profess faith, but to defend ourselves wisely is a gift from God. And so that you do not suspect that natural ability is at work in defense, he says: It is not you who will speak, but the Spirit.

Matthew 10:21. Brother will betray brother to death, and father his son; and children will rise up against their parents and kill them;

Tells them in advance what will happen so that when it happens they are not embarrassed. It also shows the power of preaching, which encourages despising, for such is true Christianity. But Christ also shows the fury of the infidels: they will not spare even their own household.

Matthew 10:22. And you will be hated by everyone because of My name; he who endures to the end will be saved.

“All” instead of “many”, because not everyone hated them, since there were also those who accepted the faith. “He who endures to the end,” and not just at the beginning, will be a participant in eternal life.

Matthew 10:23. When they persecute you in one city, flee to another. For truly I say to you, before you have gone around the cities of Israel, the Son of Man comes.

What was said above and terrible: “they will betray you” and “you will be hated” referred to what happened after the ascension; the same thing that is said now concerns events before the cross. You, enduring persecution, will not have time to go around the cities of Israel, and I will already come to you. When persecution comes, he commands them to flee, for obviously rushing into danger and serving as a reason for condemnation of murderers, as well as harming those who hoped to benefit from the sermon, is the devil’s work. The words “how the Son of Man comes” do not refer to the second coming, but to that coming and consolation that was before the cross. For after the disciples had been sent out and preached, they returned again to Christ and continued with Him.

Matthew 10:24. A student is not higher than a teacher, and a servant is not higher than his master:

Matthew 10:25. It is enough for a student that he should be like his teacher, and for a servant that he should be like his master.

Here he teaches to refrain from insulting others: if I, the Teacher and Master, endured everything, then how much more so do you, the disciples and slaves. But you ask: “How does it say, “the student is not higher than the teacher,” when we see that many students are better than their teachers?” Know then that while they are students, they are less than teachers; but when they become better than them, they are no longer disciples, just as a slave, while he remains a slave, cannot be higher than his master.

If the master of the house was called Beelzebub, how much more of his household?

Matthew 10:26. So do not be afraid of them: for there is nothing hidden that will not be revealed, and nothing secret that will not be known.

Take comfort, he says, in what I endure. If I have been called the chief of demons, then what is surprising if they slander you, My household? He called them “household” and not slaves, thereby showing His closeness to them. But take heart, because the truth will not be hidden: time will show both your virtue and the malice of those who slander, for there is nothing hidden that will not be revealed, so even if they slander you, they will recognize you later.

Matthew 10:27. What I tell you in the dark, speak in the light; and whatever you hear in the ear, preach on the housetops.

What, he says, he told you in one place only and in one place, for this is what the words mean: “in the ear” and “in the dark,” teach about this boldly and loudly, so that everyone can hear you, but since courage is followed by danger, then adds:

Matthew 10:28. And do not be afraid of those who kill the body but cannot kill the soul; but fear more than that, who can destroy both soul and body in Gehenna.

He teaches us to despise death, because the punishment in Gehenna, he says, is more terrible. Murderers cause harm only to the body, but perhaps they bring good to the soul, but God, casting them into Gehenna, executes both: soul and body. Saying: “in Gehenna,” indicates the eternity of punishment, for the word “Gehenna” comes from the Greek word “to be born forever.”

Matthew 10:29. Are not two small birds sold for assarium ***? And not one of them will fall to the ground without a will

your father;

Matthew 10:30. Even the hairs on your head are all numbered;

Matthew 10:31. Do not be afraid: you are better than many small birds.

So that the disciples would not be embarrassed, as if abandoned by Him, he says: if even a small bird cannot be caught without My knowledge, then how can I leave you whom I love? Showing His comprehensive knowledge and providence, He says that our hair is numbered by Him. Do not think that small birds are caught with the assistance of God, but their catching is not unknown to Him.

Matthew 10:32. Therefore, everyone who confesses Me (“by Me,” as it is said in the original) before men, him will I also confess before My Father in Heaven;

Matthew 10:33. and whoever denies Me before men, I will also deny him before My Father in heaven.

It encourages confession, because it is not content with faith only in the soul, but wants faith confessed with the lips. He did not say: “Whoever confesses Me,” but “By Me,” that is, by My power, for the one who confesses confesses, relying on grace from above. He did not say about the one who renounced: “By Me,” but “from Me,” showing by this that the one who renounces is the one who does not have help from above. Everyone who confesses that Christ is God will find Christ confessing him before His Father that he is a faithful servant. Those who deny will hear: “I don’t know you.”

Matthew 10:34. Do not think that I came to bring peace to earth; I did not come to bring peace, but a sword,

Matthew 10:35. For I have come to set a man against his father, and a daughter against her mother, and a daughter-in-law against her mother-in-law.

Matthew 10:36. And a man's enemies are those of his own household.

Agreement is not always good: there are times when division is good. The sword means the word of faith, which cuts us off from the mood of our family and relatives if they interfere with us in the matter of piety. The Lord does not say here that we should move away or be separated from them without a special reason - we should move away only if they do not agree with us, but rather hinder us in faith.

Matthew 10:37. Whoever loves father or mother more than Me is not worthy of Me; and whoever loves a son or daughter more than Me is not worthy of Me;

You see that it is only necessary to hate parents and children if they want to be loved more than Christ. But what am I saying about the father and children? Hear more:

Matthew 10:38. and whoever does not take up his cross and follow Me is not worthy of Me.

Whoever, he says, does not renounce this life and does not give himself up to a shameful death (for this meant the cross among the ancients), is not worthy of Me. But since many are crucified as robbers and thieves, he added: “and follows Me,” that is, lives in accordance with My laws!

Matthew 10:39. He who saves his soul will lose it; but he who loses his life for My sake will save it.

He who cares about carnal life thinks that he is saving his soul, but he destroys it too, subjecting him to eternal punishment. Whoever destroys his soul and dies, but not as a robber or suicide, but for the sake of Christ, saves it.

Matthew 10:40. Whoever receives you receives Me, and whoever receives Me receives Him who sent Me;

Matthew 10:41. whoever receives the prophet, in the name of the prophet, will receive the reward of the prophet;

Matthew 10:42. and whoever receives the righteous, in the name of the righteous, will receive the reward of the righteous.

Encourages us to accept those who are with Christ, for whoever honors His disciples honors Him, and through Him the Father. The righteous and prophets must be received in the name of the righteous and the prophet, that is, because they are righteous and prophets, and not because of any representation or intercession with kings. But if someone wears only the appearance of a prophet, but in reality turns out to be not one, you accept him as a prophet, and God will reward you in the same way as if you had actually accepted a righteous person. For this is what the words mean: “he will receive the reward of the righteous.” You can understand them differently: the one who accepts the righteous will be recognized as righteous; and he will receive the same reward as the righteous.

Matthew 10:42. And whoever gives one of these little ones to drink only a cup of cold water in the name of a disciple, truly I tell you, will not lose his reward.

To prevent anyone from pleading poverty, the Lord says: if you can give someone a cup of cold water because he is My disciple, you will receive his reward. A cup of cold water is given by the one who teaches someone burning with the fire of anger and passions, and makes him a disciple of Christ; and this one will not lose his reward.

MF 10

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Elects twelve disciples according to the number of twelve tribes. Giving them strength. He sent them, although there were few of them, since in general there are few who follow a narrow path. He gave them the power of working miracles, so that, striking with miracles, they would have listeners attentive to their teaching.

The names of the twelve apostles are these: the first Simon, called Peter, and Andrew his brother.

Matthew lists the names of the apostles because of the false apostles. He puts Peter and Andrew first, because they were called first; then the sons of Zebedee, but of these he places James first before John, for he does not number them according to their merit, but simply as he had to. So he says:

James the Zebedee and John his brother, Philip and Bartholomew, Thomas and Matthew the publican, James Alphaeus and Lebway, called Thaddeus, Simon the Canaanite and Judas Iscariot, who betrayed Him.

Look at the humility of Matthew: he placed himself after Thomas, and when he reached Judas, he did not say: “this vile man, this enemy of God,” but called him Iscariot, after his fatherland, because there was another Judas - Levway or Thaddeus. So, there were two Jacobs: one Zebedee, the other Alphaeus, and two Judas: Judas Thaddeus and Judas the traitor, and three Simons: Peter, the Canaanite and the traitor, for Judas Iscariot was called Simon.

These twelve Jesus sent and commanded them, saying: Do not go into the way of the Gentiles and do not enter the city of the Samaritans, but go especially to the lost sheep of the house of Israel. As you walk, preach that the Kingdom of Heaven is at hand.

“Sih” - who? Fishermen, ordinary people, tax collectors. Initially he sends them to the Jews so that they cannot say: the apostles were sent to the pagans, therefore we Jews did not believe. So He makes the Jews unresponsive. The Samaritans are placed along with the pagans, since they, being Babylonians, inhabited Judea and did not accept the prophets, but only the five books of Moses. By the Kingdom of Heaven he means bliss. The Lord gives the apostles miracles as weapons, telling them:

Heal the sick, cleanse the lepers, raise the dead, cast out demons. Freely you have received, freely give.

Nothing befits a teacher more than humility and non-covetousness. Therefore, these two virtues are shown here when he says, “Freely you have received, freely give.” Do not become arrogant in having such blessings and giving them away, because you have received them freely and by grace. But with humility, be also non-covetous: “freely,” he says, “give.” Having completely uprooted the root of all evil, he says:

Take with you neither gold, nor silver, nor copper in your belts, nor a scrip for the journey, nor two coats, nor shoes, nor a staff. For the worker is worthy of food.

Accustoms them to any severity. Therefore, distracting them from any excess and making them completely carefree, it does not allow them to carry wands. For this is truly non-covetousness, which encourages one to believe in the One who teaches about non-covetousness. Then, so that they don’t say: “Where will we get food from?” - says: “the worker is worthy of food,” that is, you will eat from your disciples, for they must provide this to you as laborers. Food, he said, and not luxury, because teachers should not live in luxury.

Whatever city or village you enter, visit who is worthy in it, and stay there until you leave.

He does not order everyone to enter, so that by communicating with the unworthy they will not become the subject of slander, and if they go to only the worthy, then, of course, they will find food. He commands them to stay and not move from house to house, so that they are not reproached as gluttons, and so that those who receive them for the first time do not consider themselves offended.

And when you enter a house, greet it, saying: Peace to this house. And if the house is worthy, then your peace will come upon it; if you are not worthy, then your peace will return to you.

By kissing and peace we mean a blessing that is only with the worthy. Learn from this that it is mainly our deeds that bless us.

And if anyone does not receive you and does not listen to your words, then, when leaving your house or city, shake off the dust from your feet. Truly I say to you, it will be more bearable for the land of Sodom and Gomorrah on the day of judgment than for that city.

The Lord wants them to shake off the dust, showing that they did not take anything there because of their unbelief, or testifying that the path they walked was very long, and they made it without benefit. So, it will be more bearable for the Sodomites than for these unbelievers, for the Sodomites, being punished here, will be punished much more easily there.

Behold, I am sending you out like sheep among wolves.

The Lord gave them miracles as weapons and provided them with food, opening the doors of the worthy for them; now, showing His foresight, He speaks about the dangers that are about to happen to them, and invigorates them with words. “I,” he says, “are strong, so dare, for you will be inviolable. But it also prepares them for suffering. Just as it is impossible for a sheep not to suffer among wolves, so it is for you among the Jews; but even if you suffer, do not be angry. I want you to be meek like sheep, and this is the main way to win.”

So, be wise as serpents and simple as doves.

He wants his students to be wise. So that, hearing that they are compared to sheep, you do not think that a Christian must be weak-minded, he says: he must also be wise, knowing how to live among a mass of enemies. Just as a snake exposes its entire body to blows, but protects its head, so a Christian must give everything to those who beat him, even his body, but must protect his head, which is Christ and faith in Him; just as a snake, shrinking in some hole and crawling, throws off its old skin, so we, walking along a narrow path, must peel off the old man. But since the snake does harm, the Lord commands us to be simple, that is, pure, gentle and harmless, like doves, for the latter, even deprived of their children and being persecuted, immediately return to their owners. So, be wise as a snake, so that they do not laugh at you in life, but so that everything you have is immaculate. As for harm in relation to others, then be like a dove, that is, not malicious, simple.

Beware of people, for they will hand you over to the courts, and in their synagogues they will beat you, and they will bring you before governors and kings for Me, to testify before them and the pagans.

You see what it means to be wise: to be careful and not give a reason to those who want to persecute, but to arrange their affairs wisely. Whether the persecutor wants property or honors, give it so that he has no reason to persecute you, but if he takes away your faith, then take care of this head of yours. Christ intended to send His disciples not only to the Jews, but also to the pagans, which is why he says: “for testimony before them and the pagans,” that is, to expose those who do not believe.

When they betray you, do not worry about how or what to say; for in that hour it will be given to you what to say; For it is not you who will speak, but the Spirit of your Father who will speak in you.

So that they don’t say: “How can we, simple people, convince the wise?” “The Lord commands them to be brave and not worry about it.” When we have to converse among the faithful, we must prepare ourselves in advance to defend ourselves, as Peter admonishes; but in the midst of raging nations and kings, the Lord promises His strength so that we will not fear. To profess faith is our business, but to defend ourselves wisely is a gift from God. And so that you do not suspect that natural ability is at work in defense, he says: It is not you who will speak, but the Spirit.

Brother will betray brother to death, and father his son; and the children will rise up against their parents and kill them.

Tells them in advance what will happen so that when it happens they are not embarrassed. It also shows the power of preaching, which encourages despising, for such is true Christianity. But Christ also shows the fury of the infidels: they will not spare even their own household.

And you will be hated by everyone because of My name; he who endures to the end will be saved.

“All” instead of “many”, because not everyone hated them, since there were also those who accepted the faith. “He who endures to the end,” and not just at the beginning, will be a participant in eternal life.

When they persecute you in one city, flee to another. For truly I say to you, before you have gone around the cities of Israel, the Son of Man comes.

What was said above and terrible: “they will betray you” and “you will be hated” referred to what happened after the ascension; the same thing that is said now concerns events before the cross. You, enduring persecution, will not have time to go around the cities of Israel, and I will already come to you. When persecution comes, he commands them to flee, for obviously rushing into danger and serving as a reason for condemnation of murderers, as well as harming those who hoped to benefit from the sermon, is the devil’s work. The words “how the Son of Man comes” do not refer to the second coming, but to that coming and consolation that was before the cross. For after the disciples had been sent out and preached, they returned again to Christ and continued with Him.

A student is not above his teacher, and a servant is not above his master: it is enough for a student that he should be like his teacher, and for a servant that he should be like his master.

Here he teaches to refrain from insulting others: if I, the Teacher and Master, endured everything, then how much more so do you, the disciples and slaves. But you ask: “How does it say, “the student is not higher than the teacher,” when we see that many students are better than their teachers?” Know then that while they are students, they are less than teachers; but when they become better than them, they are no longer disciples, just as a slave, while he remains a slave, cannot be higher than his master.

If the master of the house was called Beelzebub, how much more of his household? So, do not be afraid of them: for there is nothing hidden that will not be revealed, and nothing hidden that will not be known.

Take comfort, he says, in what I endure. If I have been called the chief of demons, then what is surprising if they slander you, My household? He called them “household” and not slaves, thereby showing His closeness to them. But take heart, because the truth will not be hidden: time will show both your virtue and the malice of those who slander, for there is nothing hidden that will not be revealed, so even if they slander you, they will recognize you later.

Whatever I tell you in the dark, speak in the light, and whatever you hear in your ear, preach on the housetops.

What, he says, he told you in one place only and in one place, for this is what the words mean: “in the ear” and “in the dark,” teach about this boldly and loudly, so that everyone can hear you, but since courage is followed by danger, then adds:

And do not be afraid of those who kill the body, but cannot kill the soul; but fear more than that, who can destroy both soul and body in Gehenna.

He teaches us to despise death, because the punishment in Gehenna, he says, is more terrible. Murderers cause harm only to the body, but perhaps they bring good to the soul, but God, casting them into Gehenna, executes both: soul and body. Saying: “in Gehenna,” indicates the eternity of punishment, for the word “Gehenna” comes from the Greek word “to be born forever.”

Are not two small birds sold for one assar? And not one of them will fall to the ground without the will of your Father; Even the hairs on your head are all numbered; Do not be afraid: you are better than many small birds.

So that the disciples would not be embarrassed, as if abandoned by Him, he says: if even a small bird cannot be caught without My knowledge, then how can I leave you whom I love? Showing His comprehensive knowledge and providence, He says that our hair is numbered by Him. Do not think that small birds are caught with the assistance of God, but their catching is not unknown to Him.

Therefore, everyone who confesses Me

(“By Me,” as it is said in the original)
before men, I will also confess him before My Heavenly Father;
and whoever denies Me before men, I will also deny him before My Father in heaven. It encourages confession, because it is not content with faith only in the soul, but wants faith confessed with the lips. He did not say: “Whoever confesses Me,” but “By Me,” that is, by My power, for the one who confesses confesses, relying on grace from above. He did not say about the one who renounced: “By Me,” but “from Me,” showing by this that the one who renounces is the one who does not have help from above. Everyone who confesses that Christ is God will find Christ confessing him before His Father that he is a faithful servant. Those who deny will hear: “I don’t know you.”

Do not think that I came to bring peace to earth, I did not come to bring peace, but a sword, for I came to divide a man with his Father, and a daughter with her mother, and a daughter-in-law with her mother-in-law. And a man's enemies are those of his own household.

Agreement is not always good: there are times when division is good. The sword means the word of faith, which cuts us off from the mood of our family and relatives if they interfere with us in the matter of piety. The Lord does not say here that we should move away or be separated from them without a special reason - we should move away only if they do not agree with us, but rather hinder us in faith.

He who loves father or mother more than Me is not worthy of Me; and whoever loves a son or daughter more than Me is not worthy of Me.

You see that it is only necessary to hate parents and children if they want to be loved more than Christ. But what am I saying about the father and children? Hear more:

And whoever does not take up his cross and follow Me is not worthy of Me.

Whoever, he says, does not renounce this life and does not give himself up to a shameful death (for this meant the cross among the ancients), is not worthy of Me. But since many are crucified as robbers and thieves, he added: “and follows Me,” that is, lives in accordance with My laws!

He who saves his soul will lose it; but he who loses his life for My sake will save it.

He who cares about carnal life thinks that he is saving his soul, but he destroys it too, subjecting him to eternal punishment. Whoever destroys his soul and dies, but not as a robber or suicide, but for the sake of Christ, saves it.

Whoever receives you receives Me, and whoever receives Me receives him who sent Me. Whoever receives a prophet, in the name of the prophet, will receive the prophet's reward; and whoever receives the righteous, in the name of the righteous, will receive the reward of the righteous.

Encourages us to accept those who are with Christ, for whoever honors His disciples honors Him, and through Him the Father. The righteous and prophets must be received in the name of the righteous and the prophet, that is, because they are righteous and prophets, and not because of any representation or intercession with kings. But if someone wears only the appearance of a prophet, but in reality turns out to be not one, you accept him as a prophet, and God will reward you in the same way as if you had actually accepted a righteous person. For this is what the words mean: “he will receive the reward of the righteous.” You can understand them differently: the one who accepts the righteous will be recognized as righteous; and he will receive the same reward as the righteous.

And whoever gives one of these little ones to drink only a cup of cold water in the name of a disciple, truly I tell you, will not lose his reward.

To prevent anyone from pleading poverty, the Lord says: if you can give someone a cup of cold water because he is My disciple, you will receive his reward. A cup of cold water is given by the one who teaches someone burning with the fire of anger and passions, and makes him a disciple of Christ; and this one will not lose his reward.