NOVOCHERKASS MICHAEL-ARKHANGELSKY TEMPLE

Architecture and decoration

A typical Russian single-domed pillarless temple of the mid-19th century in the eclectic style. In plan, the building has the shape of an elongated cross, oriented to the east. The walls are smooth, decorated with pilasters; vertical windows with an arched finish are framed by simple platbands. The most expressive architectural detail on the outside is the ornamental belt around the entire perimeter of the building under the cornice. An important element of architectural decor is the curb; below it there are columns and arches.

The square-shaped space of the main part of the temple is crowned with an octagonal drum and dome, which makes it possible to distinguish a cross on the façade of the building, oriented, like the entire temple, to the cardinal points. Initially, “anchor” crosses were installed on the temple; the new crosses of 1991 are eight-pointed. In the western part of the temple there is a three-tier bell tower with an octagonal tent topped with a dome with a cross. In plan, the tent forms a shape similar in construction to an eight-pointed star. The base of the tent is surrounded by a row of flame-shaped kokoshniks. The tent is decorated with four dormer windows framed by a triangular canopy with small columns.

The temple building is placed on a high foundation, with “shoots” leading to all three entrances. On the southern and northern sides the porch is covered with a stone canopy. The pillars supporting the porch canopy have massive, square bases on which twin figured “melons” rest. The shape of the porch canopy cover is gable with a keel-shaped end similar to the shape of the kokoshniks on the bell tower. On the three altar apses and on the roof ridges above the chapels there are small flame-shaped domes. The outside of the temple is painted white, the roof and dome are painted blue, the domes and crosses are gilded. Initially, there was also an iron fence around the temple on a stone foundation, painted black.

The rich decoration and paintings of 1906 were lost over the centuries. The new main iconostasis is single-tiered, carved, gilded, and finished with malachite. It contains icons: to the right of the royal doors - the Savior, the Cathedral of the Archangel Michael, the Great Martyr Demetrius of Thessalonica, St. Spyridon of Trimythus; on the left - the Mother of God, St. John Chrysostom, Great Martyr George the Victorious, St. Gregory Palamas. The iconostases in the aisles of the upper church are cast from plaster followed by gilding (master K. Shitz); icons for them were painted by O. N. Chebotareva. The painting of the upper church from 1992-1996 is the work of artists K. Dagldlyan and A. Romanenko. The central chandelier on the upper level is a large choir ring. In the lower church there is a tyablo iconostasis with images of the letters of the Makarov brothers.

The picture of church construction in Novocherkassk would be incomplete if we did not show, along with the construction and opening of parish churches, the establishment of so-called “house churches” in various state, military, educational and other institutions and organizations, i.e. temples inside buildings and premises serving for the fulfillment of religious needs of employees or students of these particular institutions or organizations.

Cross Church at the Bishop's House.

April 5, 1829 An independent second-class Donskaya diocese opens. In this regard, Novocherkassk becomes a diocesan city with the location of the Don Bishop. For him in 1830. A wooden house on a stone foundation was purchased from Archpriest (the old name of Archpriest - E.K.) Merkhalev. In the same year, a wooden cross church in the name of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God was added to it. Soon, construction began on a brick two-story Bishop's House on Cathedral Square, which was completed, according to some sources, in 1834, and according to others, in 1837. In the new bishop's building on the 2nd floor, a cross church in the name of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God with a chapel on the right side in the name of the Transfiguration of the Lord was built and consecrated. These house churches were consecrated by His Eminence Athanasius (Telyatev), Archbishop of Novocherkassk and Georgievsk (that was the name of the first Donskoy Archpastor - from 1829 to 1842, when the name was changed to Donskoy and Novocherkassk - E.K.).

Simeon's Church at the Ataman Palace.

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Church in the name of all saints at the Donskoy bishop's country house.

On September 8, 1874, the solemn consecration of the church built at the Donskoy bishop's country house in the name of all saints took place.

At the end of the 60s, Ivan Matveevich Platov, the son of the famous Don Ataman Matvey Ivanovich Platov, presented the new Archpastor, Archbishop of Don and Novocherkassk Platon with his family country dacha with a beautiful garden, a good house and various outbuildings. From that time on, the former Golitsinskaya dacha, named after the son-in-law of Dmitry Grigorievich Golitsin, who built the stone Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary on the territory of the former Platov estate not far from the railway, began to be called the bishop's dacha. Here Archbishop Plato decided to arrange a place for people who would devote their lives to “constant feats of prayer and spiritual labor for the glory of God.” For this purpose, on the territory of the dacha, more precisely on the site of the former Platov flower greenhouse, much further from the railway, where the beautiful Church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary already stood, a temple was built in the name of all saints.

This temple had a special architecture. It was made of stone and two stories high. In the middle there was a dais with a window in which three bells hung, and on the roof there were two gilded crosses. Inside, the building was divided into two parts. The northeastern part consisted of the holy temple, with an adjacent vestibule, sacristy, sexton and a small corridor. It accommodated up to 300 people. for one service. The temple was painted light blue. The iconostasis, decorated with holy icons with skillful gilded carvings, especially stood out for its beauty. In the middle of the iconostasis above the royal doors there was an icon of all the saints. There were many donated liturgical supplies in the church. Archbishop Platon presented a silver-gilded altar cross, the same chalice and paten with all accessories. The Ascension Cathedral presented the large altar gospel, and the Alexander Church presented the small gospel, etc.

The second southwestern part of the building consists of premises for the monastic brethren. Here, cells were built on two floors, divided by a corridor into two halves and connected by an internal staircase. Although they were small in size, they were “comfortable, calm and decent.” Two rooms were prepared for the hieromonks, and one for novices. In the same building there were church choirs and a temple library. The temple was built through the efforts of Archbishop of Don and Novocherkassk Platon and donations from the Don flock.

Cyril and Methodius Church at the Novocherkassk men's gymnasium.

Until 1876 The Novocherkassk men's gymnasium did not have its own building suitable for the normal educational process. Built by building contractor N.I. Limarev and opened by director S.S. Robush for classes on Ermakovsky Prospekt, a two-story beautiful building had, along with classrooms and offices, premises for a house (gymnasium) church. But the teacher of law at the gymnasium, Archpriest Joachim Fesenkov, did not accept the new church premises, since he considered it to be improperly built, i.e. not meeting the canonical requirements of the Russian Orthodox Church. In this he was supported by Archbishop of Don and Novocherkassk Platon. A situation arose when the gymnasium building was accepted for commissioning, but the premises of the gymnasium church in it were not.

Architect Fomin, on the instructions of the Military Ataman N.A. Krasnokutsky, was entrusted with the redevelopment of the premises of the men's gymnasium for the church. He proposed a plan for a two-story extension “with 7 windows” costing 36 thousand rubles. But since these were not the funds provided for in the estimate for the construction of the gymnasium, this amount was refused. Then the new director of the gymnasium, V.I. Khoroshevsky proposed not to add a building to the church, but to rebuild a number of classrooms. And so the project for the reconstruction of 3 classrooms and the teacher’s room, proposed by the civil architect Aivazov, was accepted and approved, and then awarded at auction to the builder Philip Chebotarev.

Work on the construction of premises for the gymnasium church began in the early summer of 1882. On December 12 of the same year, the celebration of the consecration of the gymnasium church in the name of St. first teachers Cyril and Methodius, conducted by Archbishop of Don and Novocherkassk Macarius, concelebrated by etc. the rector of the Don Theological Seminary, Archimandrite Ioannikiy, the teacher of the law of the gymnasium, Archpriest I. Fesenkov and other clergy. Archpriest Joachim Fesenkov, the teacher of the law, addressed the teachers and students of the gymnasium with an instructive word. He said in particular: “Let us wish and pray that in the corporation of our gymnasium there will be the true Church of Christ, i.e. a society of a learning young generation, united by faith and love, guided invisibly by the Holy Spirit. and is led by his superiors to ensure that he becomes true members of the church and useful servants of the Tsar and the Fatherland. Amen.” (“Essays on the history of the Novocherkassk military gymnasium,” compiled by priest I. Artinsky, Novocherkassk, 1907, p. 418.).

Church in the name of John the Theologian at the Don Theological Seminary.

On October 1, 1868, the Don Theological Seminary opened in Novocherkassk in a rented private house. In 1883 it receives a beautiful two-story brick building and auxiliary premises on Platovsky Prospekt, built according to the design of the architect A.A. Yashchenko (now the building is part of the complex of educational buildings of the School of Communications). In the same year, a seminary church in the name of John the Theologian was consecrated on the 2nd floor of the building.

St. Nicholas Church in the Donskoy Cadet Alexander 111th Cadet Corps.

By the highest approval of the Sovereign Emperor Alexander 111 February 15, 1883 of the opinion of the State Council in Novocherkassk, the Don Cadet Corps was established. August 30, 1883 The grand opening of the cadet corps took place, but in adapted premises of private rented houses. On May 6, 1885, the foundation stone for a complex of the corps’ own brick buildings took place according to the design of engineer-Colonel Pokotilov. The buildings were built under a contract with the Main Directorate of Military Educational Institutions by the St. Petersburg merchant Meer-Friedland under the supervision of engineer-Colonel Zalessky. In August 1886, the main three-story building was completed. In the same year, 1886, under Archpriest Lyaborinsky, a corpus church in the name of St. Nicholas, built according to a drawing by Moscow architect A.S., was consecrated. Kamensky. The elegant marble iconostasis of the corps church, made in Italy at the expense of the Don merchant Cossack Koshkin, was highly appreciated by Emperor Alexander 111 when visiting the cadet corps and the church on May 7, 1887. Alexander 111 also admired the successful execution of the image of the Holy Trinity on the glass of the altar window, as well as the beautifully painted life-size image of the Savior on another glass, following the model in St. Isaac's Cathedral in St. Petersburg. At the beginning of the twentieth century, a number of icons for the “cadet church” were painted by the Novocherkassk artist Elisey Gavrilovich Cherepakhin. The house church served the cadets until 1920. With the establishment of Soviet power, a military hospital was set up in the building of the cadet corps, and then various military-economic and other courses. Later KKUKS will be transferred here, i.e. cavalry advanced training courses for command personnel. And they will be replaced by a tank unit. Nowadays, the Don Ministry of Internal Affairs division is located in the building of the former cadet corps.

Church in the name of the Great Martyr Barbara in the Mariinsky Women's Gymnasium.

August 27, 1860 A girls' school of the 1st category is opened in an adapted private house. On August 29, 1867, the Mariinsk Don Women's Gymnasium was opened on its basis. In 1883, the gymnasium received at its disposal a luxurious three-story stone building on Atamanskaya Street (opposite the current V.F. Komissarzhevskaya Theater), built according to the design of the architect A.A. Yashchenko. In it, on the 2nd floor, a house church was built and consecrated in 1889 in the name of the Holy Great Martyr Barbara. Later, a cinema and concert hall will be organized in this room for those educational institutions of the Soviet period that were located in this building. And the pedagogical institute, the Higher Communist Agricultural School, the agricultural technical school, and the technical school-state farm “Oktyabrsky” were located here. Nowadays the building is at the disposal of the Agrarian College, and part of the premises on the ground floor is occupied by the administration of the All-Great Don Army Ataman N.I. Kozitsina.

Church of St. Mary Magdalene at the Donskoy Mariinsky Institute of Noble Maidens.

In 1891 The Don Mariinsky Institute of Noble Maidens (existing in Novocherkassk since 1853) receives at its disposal a beautiful three-story stone building on Pochtovaya (now Pushkinskaya) street. On the 3rd floor above the main entrance, an institute church in the name of St. Mary Magdalene, who was consecrated in the same year, 1891, on September 8.

With the establishment of Soviet power in Novocherkassk in 1920. A military hospital was set up in the institute building, and the church, naturally, was closed. Later, the Don Institute of Agriculture and Land Reclamation (DISHiM) was located here. It was replaced by the Novocherkassk Engineering and Reclamation Institute, which was recently reorganized into the Novocherkassk State Reclamation Academy.

The premises of the house church itself have been preserved; it now houses a huge classroom for diploma design.

Church in the name of the Great Martyr John the Warrior at the city “prison castle”.

The history of the Novocherkassk prison castle (not to be confused with the Novocherkassk prison in the brick factories area - E.K.) begins in the first years after the founding of the city. It is known that in 1813, in a wooden prison (prison), located at the beginning of the current street. Caucasian, right next to the railway track, a prison church was consecrated in the name of the Great Martyr John the Warrior. In 1891 At the “prison castle” in Novocherkassk, construction was completed and a stone church was consecrated in the name of the Great Martyr John the Warrior. The church served until the first years of Soviet power, and then was liquidated along with the prison. Nowadays, on the territory of the former “prison castle” there is the lower industrial site of the plant named after. Nikolsky.

Church of the Most Pure Mother of God in the Diocesan Women's School.

In 1889, the Diocesan Women's School began classes in the adapted premises. In 1894, the school received its own three-story stone building with a dormitory on Platovsky Prospekt. In the same building, in the same year 1894, a school church was consecrated in the name of the Most Pure Mother of God. The church closes in 1920. with the placement of Penza cavalry courses in this building. Later, students of the Zoovetin Institute, the Engineering and Reclamation Institute, and now the Reclamation Academy will study here.

Petro-Pavlovsk camp church of Donskoy Alexander 111 cadet corps.

In 1886, the regional government allocated 54 acres of land (about 60 hectares) outside the city in the Persianovsky farmstead to the Don Cadet Corps for field (camp) training. Here, through the efforts and resources of the merchant Cossack I.S. Koshkin, a wooden camp church was built in the name of the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul, which was consecrated in 1897. The church served until the first years of Soviet power, and then was dismantled.

Church of the Holy Archangel Michael in the Novocherkassk Cossack Junker School.

Since its foundation (1869), the Novocherkassk Cossack Junker School did not have its own school (house) church. Therefore, with its development and strengthening of the educational and material base, the problem of building our own church was raised. The issue began to receive practical resolution only from the time when the retired police officer of the Ust-Medveditskaya village Stefan Nikiforovich Dronov donated 3,500 rubles at different times to the Novocherkassk school. The head of the school, having modest but still means, applied through the authorities with a request for permission to build a school church.

May 9, 1898 The building for the church was laid. The church was built in the form of a one-story brick wing with a semicircular vault attached to the building of the Cossack cadet school on Platovsky Prospekt. The church building had a choir inside and an external bell tower. The dimensions of the church building were: about 19 fathoms. Lengths (i.e. about 40 m) 4 fathoms. width (i.e. 8.5 m.) and 3 fathoms. height (i.e. 6.4.m.). The building of the Cossack school and the church building attached to it have been preserved (the two-story building of the school of ensigns next to the burnt building on the corner of Platovsky Ave. and Ermak Square - E.K.). On September 24 of the same 1898, the church in the name of St. Archangel Michael was consecrated by His Eminence John , Bishop of Aksai, vicar of the Don diocese.

The iconostasis in the school church was carved from linden wood “etched to look like walnut”, with icons painted on canvas, incl. written by school officers. For example, the Image of the Savior was painted in 1903. Lieutenant Colonel, Prince D.A. Krapotkin, and the Image of the Beheading of the Venerable Head of John the Baptist in the same year - by centurion N.A. Krasnov. The Altar Gospel was donated by Bishop John of Aksai.

Two black marble memorial plaques were hung in the school church. On one, the names of those killed in the Russian-Turkish War of 1877-1878 were indicated. a graduate of the school, cornet Gurbanov, as well as the name of the person who died on January 1, 1905. from wounds received during the Russo-Japanese War by the captain Konstantin Mikhailovich Kalinin. On the second board were the names of school graduates who died during the revolutionary unrest of 1905-1907: podesaul Dmitry Stepanovich Beloglazov (January 17, 1907 in St. Petersburg), podesaul Pyotr Fedorovich Avramov (April 3, 1906 in Borisoglebsk), podesaul Guryev , cornet Vladimir Petrovich Chaikin and cornet Mikhail Petrovich Guguev (December 23, 1906 from a bomb explosion in the village of Amur, Yekaterinoslav province), cornet Nikifor Averkievich Firsov (June 15, 1905 in Wenden district).

Priest Ioanniky Yarzhemsky was appointed the first rector of the school church, and the first church warden was the donor of the church, sergeant S.N. Dronov. At his expense, the icon of St. Archangel Michael, for whom a marble icon case was later made. Later, the icon was hung in the large hall of the school building on Ermakovsky Prospekt (there was a dormitory for the Cossack school - now the KECH hotel, opposite the clinic © 2).

Nicholas Church in the Ataman Technical School.

In 1888, the Ataman Technical School was opened on Mikhailovskaya Street in a new brick three-story building. But only in 1901, on April 29, the celebration of the consecration of the school church in the name of St. Christ and the Wonderworker Nicholas took place. On the eve of the consecration of the house church, an all-night vigil was held in it, which was performed by the priest assigned to this church, Evgraf Ovsyannikov, a famous Don theologian, an expert in missionary activity among Old Believers and sectarians. Fr. Novocherkassk came out for litia and veneration. dean archpriest Nikolai Kratirov, an even more famous missionary, as well as the clergyman of the Ascension Cathedral, Fr. Tit Klementov. (Perhaps the fact that such famous missionaries gathered at the school was influenced by the fact that literally 50 meters from the building of the Ataman School there had already been a spire-shaped building of a Lutheran church since 1898, whose parishioners were considered sectarians - E.K.). The cross, towering over the roof of the school, during the all-night vigil was illuminated by the electric current that had just been laid in the school and was visible far around.

The next day, the consecration of the Nikolaev School Church itself was performed by Archbishop of Don and Novocherkassk Afanasy, co-served by Archpriest N. Kratirov and Priest E. Ovsyannikov. The service was accompanied by the bishop's choir, directed by the regent priest M. Erkhan. The consecration ceremony was attended by Military Ataman K.K. Maksimovich and his wife, Ataman’s civil assistant, teaching staff of the school. After the consecration of the temple, the elder of the newly consecrated St. Nicholas Church, P. L. Apanasov, offered a festive lunch to the guests of honor. (“Don Diocesan Gazette”, 1901, © 14, unofficial department, pp. 293-295.).

With the establishment of Soviet power, the house church was closed, since the Soviet Practical Institute worked here in 1920-1922. Later, in the building of the former Ataman School, a vocational school, a Mining College, and a Chemical Technology College opened their activities, which was transformed into the now operating Mechanical Engineering College.

Holy Spiritual Church in the building of the local Cossack team.

In 1853 The first secondary specialized educational institution, the Mariinsky Institute of Noble Maidens, opens in Novocherkassk. A special two-story stone building was built for him on what was then Institutskaya Square (now Pavlov Square). In 1891, the institute moved into a three-story stone building built especially for it on the street. Postal (now Pushkinskaya St., the main building of the reclamation academy), and the abandoned building was transferred to the jurisdiction of the local Cossack team. The former church of St. Mary Magdalene was consecrated in the name of the Holy Spirit at the beginning of the twentieth century. With the establishment of Soviet power, the house church was closed. Now this building is the hospital of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

Church of the Intercession in the Novocherkassk Theological School.

On August 31, 1902, the construction of a new two-story building of the Novocherkassk Theological School on Ermakovsky Spusk was completed. On the 2nd floor of the building a school church was built in the name of the Intercession of the Mother of God. He consecrated the Church of the Intercession on September 22, 1902. Archbishop of Don and Novocherkassk Afanasy. This church was closed in the 20s due to the location of a labor colony for minors, and then the plant management of the Machine Tool Plant. The premises of the house church were used as a club, assembly hall, conference room and library.

House church at the Excise Department.

In some sources, but not earlier than 1905. indicates the existence of a house church (without name) in the Excise Department, i.e. an institution charged with collecting excise (hidden) taxes on wine products, etc. With the abolition of the Excise Department, the house church was also liquidated.

Alexander's Church at the Real School.

At the Novocherkassk Alexander Real School (now the building of the secondary school © 1) in June 1914, with the blessing of His Eminence Archbishop of Don and Novocherkassk Vladimir, the construction and equipment of a house church in honor of St. Blessed Grand Duke Alexander Nevsky. Funds for its creation were allocated by the Honorary Trustee of the Real School, Major General Pyotr Petrovich Rykovskov. The school church was designed by the then city architect V.A. Vlastov. Under his supervision, the church was built and consecrated in October. This church also served mainly until the establishment of Soviet power.

Realist students, members of the Don Executive Committee (local body of the Provisional Government - E.K.) in the first half of 1917, and during the Civil War, girls from the Smolny Institute of Noble Maidens, who, after the Bolsheviks occupied the Smolny building in Petrograd in October, served their religious needs there. 1917, was relocated to Novocherkassk and stationed in part of the Real School. In December 1919 realists and girls left their building in Novocherkassk, going to the Crimea, and it soon became the home of the Soviet general education 9-year school, and later the secondary school named after. Maxim Gorky. During the war, a military hospital was located here, and at the end of the 40s, the 1st secondary school returned to the building, whose students still study in this building.

Country churches.

Novocherkassk is the Cossack capital of the Don and therefore it had Cossack villages in its structure, at the beginning of its history three (Upper, Middle and Lower), then two (First and Second Novocherkassk) and at the end of the 19th century one village - Novocherkassk. This village included a number of farms that had their own Orthodox churches assigned to the Novocherkassk deanery:

in the Mishkino farm in 1865. The church was consecrated in the name of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary, and in 1875. - suburban bishop's church in the name of all saints.
in the Sadkovsko-Nikolaevsky farm in 1877. was built to replace the one that burned down in 1875. wooden Nativity of the Virgin Church.
in the Malo-Nesvetaysky farm in 1866. A stone church of the Assumption of the Mother of God was built, which was “expanded” in 1885.
in the Kundryuchesko-Sokolov farmstead, a church in the name of St. Mikhail Malenin was created at the expense of Nakazny Ataman M.G. Khomutov in 1858 In 1890 it was lined with brick, and in 1893. - rebuilt and covered.
In the Persianovsky farmstead, the Church of the Ascension of the Lord was built in 1888.
on the outskirts of Khutunki in the first years of the First World War (1914-1915), soldiers’ wooden barracks were built for the personnel of 2 reserve infantry regiments - © 272 and © 273, and with them there was the same barracks-type wooden church about the same the place where the Khotun market is now noisy (opposite the monument to aviators with an airplane). We do not know in honor of whom and when the church was consecrated. Most likely, in honor of John the Warrior. But it is known that it stood in the 30s.

Particular mention should be made of the Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary in the country residence of the Don bishops in the hut. Mishkino (historically correct to call - Myshkino - E.K.). Here in the former estate of the Platovs, at the expense of the son-in-law Ivan Matveevich Platov and his wife Anna Stepanovna Platova, née Martynova, Prince Dmitry Grigorievich Golitsin in 1865. A stone church was built in the name of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary. On October 7, 1874, the son of the famous Don Ataman Matvey Ivanovich Platov, Ivan Matveevich Platov, died in Novocherkassk. According to his will, the funeral took place in a country dacha, previously donated by the deceased to the Don Bishop's House. On October 12, the funeral of I.M. Platov took place at his former estate in Mishkino (Myshkino) in a crypt specially built under the Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary. Then close relatives of I.M. Platov began to be buried in the same crypt. His wife Anna Stepanovna was also buried here. According to the will of Ivan Matveyevich, on April 26, 1875, in the now family crypt, the remains of the Ataman of the Don Army, the founder of Novocherkassk, hero of the Patriotic War of 1812, count and holder of many orders, Matvey Ivanovich Platov, were buried. His ashes were transported by rail from a burial place near the walls of the second version of the Military Ascension Cathedral, which was being built in Novocherkassk at that time. Archbishop Platon delivered a speech at the burial of the famous Don Ataman.

Nowadays the church shows us the sad remains of the former greatness of both the temple and the persons buried in the family crypt. Repeated expeditions to this family crypt have somewhat improved the condition of the burials there, but both the church and the Platov family tomb are awaiting the hour of their revival.

Chapels in Novocherkassk.

Along with churches, Orthodox chapels were also built in Novocherkassk.

So, in the 40s of the 19th century, a chapel was built on Cathedral Square over the family crypt of the M.I. Platov family, a monument by the famous sculptor Martos (not preserved).

In 1881 near the corner of Atamanskaya street. and Platovsky Prospekt (i.e. in front of the front part of the central Department Store) a chapel was built and consecrated in the name of St. Blessed Prince Alexander Nevsky (there is a photo, the chapel has not survived).

In 1889 “Novocherkassk drogals” (i.e. cab drivers, from the word “drogi”) built a small chapel on the square of the Old Bazaar (now Azov) in honor of the miraculous deliverance of the royal family during the crash of the royal train at Borki station on October 17, 1888. (not preserved).

In 1892, opposite the Post Office building on Platovsky Prospect, on the territory of the Alexander Garden (approximately where the children's attractions are now), a chapel was built dedicated to the memory of the tragically deceased Emperor Alexander 11.

Along with the indicated Orthodox chapels in Novocherkassk, chapels were built at different times: on Ermakovsky Prospekt (next to the former Cossack cadet school, now the KECh building), at the Trinity Bazaar (now Sennaya Market), at the old city cemetery (in memory of those killed in war of 1914-1917), at the new (second) city cemetery on Khotunka, on the Three-Crest Meadow (not far from the current Biryuchekutskaya station), as well as at the city morgue in the hospital of the “Society of Don Doctors” on Ratnaya Street. (now emergency hospital on Krasnoarmeyskaya street).

Heterodox churches.

Among the non-Orthodox churches built in Novocherkassk mainly in the late 19th - early 20th centuries, the following should be mentioned:

Old Believer prayer houses “one on Pochtovaya Street, Baidalakov’s house, and the other, on Bazarnaya Street, Shlychkov’s house.” In 1908 on the site of Baidalakov’s former prayer house, the Old Believer St. Nicholas Church was built and consecrated (nowadays the building of the city fire department stands on this site).
on the street Mikhailovskaya (now Kirova Street) in 1898. designed by architect N.I. Roller built a pointed Lutheran church. The building has been preserved and is used by Novocherkassk Evangelical Christian Baptists as a temple.
on the street Enlightenment (formerly Nikolaevsky Ave.) in 1903. a Roman Catholic church was built. The building has survived to this day. After the Great Patriotic War, it housed the repair and construction office of NPI (now NSTU). Since 1995, the building has been restored and today the temple and the fence surrounding its territory look quite good. The first Catholic priest (priest) of the Novocherkassk church for 2 years was Father Edward. He was replaced (in connection with Father Edward's transfer to serve in Rostov-on-Don) at the direction of Archbishop Tadeusz Kondrusiewicz by Father Jerzy Krolyak. Catholic Poles, Germans, etc. attend the church.
on modern street Bakunin and in the hut. Tatarka had two quarterly Muslim mosques. In one, “Turkish subjects”, of whom there were a large number in Novocherkassk, carried out their religious needs, and in the other, Tatars. The mosque in the Tatarsky village of the Khutun village council was closed in 1932. They wanted to use it as a reading hut, but the village council did not take any practical measures towards this. (“Banner of the Commune”, © 215 of September 18, 1937). There is a Tatar cemetery near Tatarka, where people are buried according to Muslim customs. August 12, 1997 The Department of Justice of the Rostov Region registered and issued a certificate for © 320 on the registration of the religious Society of Muslims (ROM) in Novocherkassk (president F.A. Arslanov).
On Khotunka there was at first a camp church (in a cart on wheels), and then a permanent Kalmyk Lamaist church (Lower Ulus) called Khurul.
in 1915, on August 23 at 11 o'clock in the afternoon in the summer premises of the City Club (the club and buildings were not preserved, they were located next to the building of the Guardhouse), Armenians living in Novocherkassk gathered for a meeting under the leadership of the Nakhichevan priest Bedelyan to discuss the issue of petitioning the City Council to open in the capital Don Cossacks Armenian (Gregorian) church and school (“Don Life”, © 190 of August 21, 1915). But this issue, probably due to the ongoing First World War, was not resolved.

Thus, the religious life of Novocherkassk, Orthodox at its core, was quite diverse. In the city before the 1st World War and the revolution of 1917 there were: directly on the territory of the city a cathedral and 11 parish churches, 17 house churches, more than 10 Orthodox chapels, 7 (out-of-town) churches assigned to the city, an Old Believer church, a Edinoverie church, two mosques, Lutheran church, Catholic church, etc.

Abbots

Hilarion Mogilyansky (1813 - 1823)
Vasily Kufaev (1823 - 1853)
Andrey Yuganov (1853 - 1872)
Jacob Soloviev (1872 - 1876)
Alexy Polyakov (December 1876 - 1900)
Platon Zakharov (1901 - 1906)
Simeon Troitsky (1907 - September 15, 1912)
Vasily Pamfilov (1912 - 1920)
Vasily Chernyavsky (1920s - 1930s)
Julian Simashkevich (1926 - 1932)
Julian Simashkevich, 2 times (1934 - November 17, 1937)
Nikolai Fomin (August 1942 - February 1943)
Mitrofan Dolgovsky [3] (May 1943 - July 1946)
….. (July 10, 1946 – January 1948)
….. (February - April 1948)
Theopempt Komissarov (April 4 - August 26, 1948)
Alexey Perchukov [4] (August 26 - November 22, 1948)
Nikolai Vasiliev (November 22, 1948 - February 15, 1949)
Ilya Emelyanov [5] (February 15, 1949 - June 15, 1950)
Konstantin Kazmin (June 15 - July 31, 1950)
Ioann Vasiliev (July 31 - August 20, 1950)
Ioann Kudisov (August 20 - September 28, 1950)
Feodor Trukhmanov (September 28, 1950 - January 29, 1951)
Feodosius Avsenev [6] (January 26, 1951 - January 5, 1960)
Prokhor (Penkov) (January 15, 1960 - September 5, 1963)
Georgy Minaev (July 10 - November 19, 1990)
Oleg Dobrinsky (since November 20, 1990)

Shrines

First Hour icon Archdeacon Stephen with a particle of his relics - the relics were donated to the rector, Fr. Oleg Dobrinsky, artist A. S. Kurochkin, who received them in Kyiv with the blessing of Metropolitan of Kyiv Philaret (Denisenko) from the manufacturer of the ark for the finger of the first martyr, preserved in Kyiv, in 1984
icon of the saint Vasily of Moscow with a particle of his relics - the relics were donated to the rector, Fr. Oleg Dobrinsky, Hieromonk Roman (Lukin), student of the Moscow Theological Academy, in 1998
icon with the relics of St. Ignatius (Brianchaninov) - the relics were donated to the rector, Fr. Oleg Dobrinsky, Archpriest Valery Tatarkin in 1992, who received them from Archbishop Platon (Udovenko) of Yaroslavl, who acquired these relics in 1988
icon with the relics of St. Ambrose of Optina - the relics were donated to the rector, Fr. Oleg Dobrinsky, Archpriest Alexy Osyak, who received them in Optina Pustyn with the blessing of Patriarch Alexy II in 1995
icon with images of the Blgv. book Anna of Novgorod, Blgv. book Vladimir of Novgorod, St. Anthony the Roman, St. Ilia Muromets, sschmch. Vladimir, Metropolitan of Kyiv, sschmch. Clement, the Pope of Rome with particles of their relics - the relics were brought by Fr. Oleg Dobrinsky from Veliky Novgorod, where they were received as a gift from the abbot of the Yuriev Monastery, Hieromonk Fyodor (Taraskin) from the reliquary of this monastery in 1998
icon of the Holy Trinity with a piece of Mamre oak - a piece of oak brought by Fr. Oleg Dobrinsky from the Holy Land
martyr icon Panteleimon the Healer with a piece of his relics
list of the miraculous Vladimir Icon of the Mother of God - written by icon painter Vladimir Makarov in 1998
list of the Aksai Icon of the Mother of God - built at the request of parishioners in September 2002; located in the Vladimir chapel on a special lectern

DON AND NOVOCHERKASS DIOCESE

26 Apr In 1917, a diocesan congress was held, in which 318 representatives of the clergy and laity took part. At the congress, the powers to manage D. and N. E. Archbishop were confirmed. Mitrofan and vicar Aksai bishop. Hermogen. The congress welcomed the overthrow of the autocracy and called on the flock of the Don diocese to continue the war to a victorious end and to obey the Provisional Government. The same statements were adopted at the district congresses of the diocesan clergy in the spring and summer of 1917. Archbishop. Mitrofan headed the delegation of the diocese at the Local Council of the Russian Orthodox Church in 1917-1918; As one of the most authoritative hierarchs, he was elected chairman of the personnel department of the Council.

In the summer of 1917, the first elections of the Don Cossack Ataman took place, and the general became Crimea. A. M. Kaledin, a prayer service was served in the Novocherkassk Ascension Military Cathedral, the new ataman received a church blessing for his work for the benefit of the Cossacks. After the revolution of 1917, the region. The Don Army became one of the centers of resistance to the Bolsheviks: political figures, military men, and intellectuals who had not accepted the new government arrived from Moscow, Petrograd and other places to Novocherkassk. In con. 1917 Generals M.V. Alekseev, L.G. Kornilov, Kaledin made an attempt to form an All-Russian government and began to form the Volunteer Army. From Nov. 1917 to Feb. 1918 they controlled the region. Donskoy troops. However, the front-line Cossacks, under the influence of Bolshevik propaganda, did not recognize Kaledin’s government; at the congress of front-line Cossacks in the village of Kamenskaya in January. In 1918, the Don Cossack Provisional Revolutionary Committee (VRK) was formed, declaring the military government overthrown. 11 Feb. (January 29) at a meeting of the military government, Kaledin resigned and committed suicide on the same day. Soon a prayer service was served in the military cathedral on the occasion of the election of A.M. Nazarov as ataman.

25(12) Feb. 1918 The Red Army occupied Novocherkassk. On March 23, by decree of the Don Cossack Military Revolutionary Committee within the borders of the region. The Don Army established the Don Soviet Republic with its center in Rostov-on-Don. The power of the Bolsheviks was fragile, the entire region was engulfed in anti-Bolshevik uprisings, the territory of which, despite attempts to suppress it by the detachments of S. M. Budyonny, K. E. Voroshilov and others, was constantly expanding. In March in the region. Donskoy's troops entered silently. troops, on May 1 they occupied Taganrog, on May 8 - Rostov-on-Don. 16 Apr power in the republic passed to the Emergency Defense Headquarters headed by G.K. Ordzhonikidze, in May the Soviet leadership moved to Tsaritsyn, September 30. In 1918, by decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, the Don Soviet Republic was abolished.

Ascension Cathedral. Interior view from the choir. Chromolithography by S. V. Kulzhenko. Beginning XX century (GPIB) Ascension Cathedral. Interior view from the choir. Chromolithography by S. V. Kulzhenko. Beginning XX century (GPIB)

From the very first days of the establishment of Bolshevik power in the region, repressions against the clergy began. 25 Feb 1918 Archbishop was arrested. Mitrofan, accused of supporting the Cossack government, 10 days later the bishop was found innocent and released. 25 Feb Bishop was subjected to house arrest. Ermogen, after his release, the bishop was forced to hide, fearing reprisals. The authorities distributed anti-church leaflets in which the clergy were called “accomplices of the oppression of the people,” and robberies took place in the region, especially among Orthodox Christians. temples. Archbishop Mitrofan, in a letter to Patriarch Tikhon, described the plunder of the cross church of the Don Bishop's House: “From this temple the robbers took two monstrances with spare Holy Gifts, an asterisk, two antidorin dishes and broke into all the mugs. The covers on the throne of the Transfiguration chapel were torn. The vessels with the holy myrrh were broken. Myrrh was spilled and trampled underfoot on the floor in the sacristy, in the altar and in the church. Particles of St. the relics were scattered and filled with holy myrrh” (TsVed. 1918. No. 5). The Ascension Military Cathedral was plundered in a similar way (Don Territory: Gaz. 1918. No. 18). About violence against the Church on the Don, Archbishop. Mitrofan also wrote to the Polish Patriarch Herman V: “Where within the Great Don Army the Bolsheviks were or were, there was complete destruction of life everywhere, directed primarily at Orthodox pastors and the Orthodox Church. Holy temples are either destroyed, desecrated, or desecrated. Orthodox shrines have been and are being subjected to all sorts of blasphemy... All kinds of mockery and violence are carried out against the pastors of the Don Church... up to torture, reminiscent of the suffering of the first Christians... The Don Church still numbers such shepherds to almost fifty, about many martyred shepherds information has not yet been collected due to disunity of the entire half of the diocese with the city of Novocherkassk, the capital of the Great Don Army" (quoted from: Kandidov B.P. Religious counter-revolution of 1918-1920 and intervention: (Essays and materials). M., 1930. P. 30 -32). In March 1919, the Don Diocesan Council reported the death at the hands of the Bolsheviks of 16 clergy D. and N. E., one of them was Sschmch. Nikolai Popov.

Since Aug. 1918 to March 1920 the entire region. The Don Troops were controlled by White troops: until July 1919, by Cossack units under General. P.N. Krasnov, then the Armed Forces of the South of Russia. In the order of Gen. Krasnov on the All-Great Don Army from May 4-7, 1918 Archbishop. Mitrofan was instructed to: “Convene a Council of the Clergy and invite Old Believer priests and Buddhist gilungs to it and develop a law on the structure of the life of the clergy and clergy, and on the free performance of divine services and requirements, and on splendid service in churches, regardless of the zeal of the parishioners” (Don Chronicle. Belgrade , 1924. No. 3. P. 322-323). In the basic law of the All-Great Don Army, adopted at the “circle of saving the Don” on May 4, 1918 and confirmed at the circle on September 15. the same year, in section. “On Faith” it is written: “The first in the Great Don Army is the Christian Orthodox faith. All citizens of the All-Great Don Army belonging to the Orthodox faith, as well as those living within the army, each enjoy universally the free practice of their faith and worship according to its rituals” (Ibid. pp. 306, 323, 324).

May 19-24, 1919 in Stavropol on the initiative of Protopr. Volunteer Army of Georgy Shavelsky, chaired by Archbishop. Mitrofan the South-Eastern Rus. Church Council, at which the Temporary Higher Church Administration in the South-East of Russia (VVTsU SUR) was formed. Before returning from Austria. captivity of the Kyiv Metropolitan. Anthony (Khrapovitsky), the chairman of the All-Russian Exhibition Center of the South-European Region was the Don Archbishop. Mitrofan. The Council endowed the All-Russian Orthodox Church of the South-European Church with full ecclesiastical authority (except for the awarding of bishops) until the restoration of contact with the Patriarch of St. Tikhon, when the All-Russian Exhibition Center of the South-Eastern Region was supposed to resign and dissolve itself. At the Council, a decision was made to transform the Pri-Azov Vicarage of the Ekaterinoslav Diocese into the Rostov and Taganrog Diocese, headed by Bishop. Arseny (Smolenets). Meetings of the All-Russian Exhibition Center of the SWR were held in Yekaterinodar (June 5 - July 6, 1919), in Novocherkassk (July 18-20 and August 23-24) and in Taganrog (August 7-10). In con. Dec. 1919 (or in January 1920) VVTsU SVR moved to Novorossiysk, and from there to Sevastopol.

Diocesan life in 1919 was quite active. On June 4, by decree of the Don Diocesan Council, the clergy of the diocese were ordered to draw up reports of damage caused to churches by the Bolsheviks. On June 24, the 200th anniversary of the Starocherkassk Resurrection Cathedral was solemnly celebrated. 1 Sep. 1919 Aksai bishop. Ermogen, concelebrating with the clergy, consecrated it in Novocherkassk, at the site of the execution by the Bolsheviks in February. 1918 Ataman Nazarov, chairman of the military circle E.A. Voloshinov and other officers, site for the construction of a temple in honor of the icon of the Mother of God “Unbreakable Wall” (“temple of the salvation of the Don”) (Don Christian Thought. 1919. No. 38/39 pp. 407-408). On July 17, the Don Missionary Committee met and decided to open “readings in relation to the requirements of our time” in the largest settlements of the diocese. Chairman of the committee, rector of the Donskoy DS Archimandrite. Gregory emphasized that the main task of the missionaries should not be the fight against sects and the Old Believers, but to strengthen the “religious and moral education of the people” (Ibid. No. 30/31. pp. 328-329). On Sept. At the diocesan meeting, a report on the activities of the Don Diocesan Printing House was heard, a resolution was adopted on the publication and distribution among the people of leaflets with religious and moral content, the compilation of which was entrusted to the Aksai Brotherhood. 23 Sep. was discussed and rejected as an untimely project to create an independent victoria (headed by Bishop Ermogen (Maksimov)) or a separate diocese in the north of the Don region. (Ibid. No. 40/41. P. 421-422). In 1918-1919 In Novocherkassk, the brotherhoods of the Holy Cross and Blagovestnichesky were created, one of the tasks of the latter was to conduct religious and moral readings for the intelligentsia.

In con. In 1919, the Red Army began its offensive on the region. Don Troops, January 7 1920 Novocherkassk was taken, in March the Bolsheviks occupied the entire region. March 25 region The Don Army was abolished, most of its territory made up the Don region. with its center in Rostov-on-Don. Districts in the northeast of the former region Donskoy's troops - Khopyorsky, 2nd Donskoy and Ust-Medveditsky - entered Tsaritsyn province, to which in 1923 the villages of Bukanovskaya, Slashchevskaya, Fedoseevskaya and Ust-Khopyorskaya of the Verkhnedonsky district were also annexed. Newly formed Donetsk province. Ukrainian SSR from the former region Donskoy's troops withdrew to the Taganrog district, Gundorovskaya, Kalitvenskaya, Kamenskaya, Ust-Belokalitvenskaya villages and Karpovo-Obryvskaya volost. Donetsk district, Aleksandrovsk-Grushevsky (Shakhty), Vladimirskaya village and northern. parts of the villages of Aksai and Grushevskaya, Cherkassy district, as well as Sulinovskaya parish. In the summer of 1924, Don region. was abolished, its territory, which was included in February. part of the South-Eastern region, divided into 4 districts: Donetsk, Morozov, Rostov (renamed Donskoy in September 1924), Salsky. In Oct. 1924 South-Eastern region. after the annexation of a number of territories, it was renamed the North Caucasus Territory, the center of which was Rost-on-Don.

Mitrofan (Simashkevich), April 7. 1919, elevated to the rank of metropolitan (see: Bovkalo A. A. [Review:] Zdravomyslov K. Ya. Biological dictionary of the hierarchs of the Russian Orthodox Church from the introduction of Christianity in Rus' to 1918 // KhCh. 1998. No. 16. P. 135), did not leave the diocese with the white troops, he took refuge in the Starocherkassk monastery and soon returned to Novocherkassk. Aksai Bishop Hermogenes emigrated with white troops. In the 20s Mass confiscation of church property, looting and closure of churches and Mont-Rei, and repressions against the clergy were carried out. In July 1921, the Don security officers reported on the liquidation of the Russian Salvation Army, headed by Major General Prince. K. E. Ukhtomsky. More than 250 people were involved in the case. Among the 58 people shot in a Rostov prison in October. 1921 in this case, 2 priests D. and N. E. were killed. At the same time, the process of transferring church property to the state and concluding agreements between parish communities and the state on the indefinite and free use of churches and “religious property” was actively underway; by August. In 1921, almost all communities entered into such agreements. In the beginning. 20s The Starocherkassky Monastery, whose buildings originally housed a children's labor commune, was closed; in 1922, a museum named after them was founded on the territory of the monastery. Stepan Razin. That same year, mass arrests of diocesan clergy took place as part of a nationwide campaign to confiscate church valuables. According to information from the Don Gubernia Department of the GPU dated July 11, 1922, approx. 990 pounds of silver, more than 25 pounds of gold, 2085 diamonds, 6313 diamonds, 2620 emeralds, more than 2 pounds of pearls, etc. (GARF. F. A-353. Op. 4. No. 382. L. 44). At the same time, in Aug. 1922 The Don Regional Committee of the RCP (b) did not give permission to register societies to help the hungry (brotherhoods, trustees) (GULAG: Its builders, inhabitants and heroes. M., 2001. P. 76-77).

In 1922, the diocesan council of D. and N.E. recognized the renovationist High Church Administration (VCU) and formed the diocesan committee of the VCU, one of the active figures of which was a member of the Local Council of 1917-1918. priest V.I. Kozhin (see Ermogenes (Kozhin)). On July 19, 1922, the VCU dismissed Metropolitan. Mitrofan (Simashkevich), who apparently did not join renovationism. In 1923, Metropolitan. Mitrofan was arrested and exiled, returned to the diocese in the beginning. 1925 In 1923 - beginning. In 1924, the diocese was apparently ruled by the Aksai bishops Mitrofan (Grinev), then by Sschmch. Zechariah (Lobov). In 1922, the VCU appointed the Don Renovationist “Archbishop” Melchizedek (Nikolin) to the Don Renovation Department; in 1923, the Don Renovation Department was occupied by “Archbishop” Andrei (Odintsov), in 1924-1927 - “Archbishop” Modest (Nikitin), who wore title “Vladikavkaz, Donskoy and Novocherkassk” (in 1925 “Verkhnedonskaya”). In 1922, the renovation committee of the Tsaritsyn diocese established the Ust-Medveditsk victorship, and Tikhon (Rusinov) was “ordained” to this department. In 1924, Tikhon brought repentance to Patriarch Tikhon and was consecrated bishop of Ust-Medveditsky, vicar of D. and N. e.

To the beginning 1925, at the head of D. and N.E. was Met. Mitrofan with suffragan bishops Innocent (Busygin) Kamensky and Tikhon Ust-Medveditsky. In 1925 they joined the Gregorian schism, their signatures are under the message of the Gregorian Provisional Supreme Church Council of December 22. 1925 Metr. Mitrofan and Bishop Innocent remained in the Gregorian schism until the end of his life, bishop. Tikhon in 1926 brought repentance to the Deputy Patriarchal Locum Tenens Metropolitan. Sergius (Stragorodsky), in the same year he again joined the schismatics, in 1931 he repented a second time, but never returned to D. and N.E. After the death of Metropolitan. Mitrofan Gregorian See of the Don ca. 1930 headed by bishop. Innocent. In the beginning. 30s (until 1932) Photius (Topiro) was appointed Gregorian Archbishop of Novocherkassk.

In con. 1925 in connection with the evasion of Metropolitan. During the schism, Mitrofan was, according to some evidence, appointed bishop to the Don See. Dimitri (Dobroserdov), but due to his arrest he did not arrive in the diocese. The following year, Job (Rogozhin) became Bishop of Ust-Medveditsky, vicar of the Don diocese, with the right to administer the diocese. In the beginning. In 1927, the bishop was arrested and sentenced to exile. In the spring of 1928, Met. Sergius appointed bishop to the Don See. sschmch. Amfilokhiy (Skvortsova), but the authorities banned him from entering Novocherkassk, and Bishop. Amphilochius received an appointment to the Melekessian vicarage of the Samara diocese. 27 Apr In 1928, Seraphim (Protopopov) became Bishop of Aksai; on June 27 of the same year he was transferred to the Syzran See. From March 12, 1929 to 1930, the Don See was occupied by Bishop. Anthony (Romanovsky) (apparently, the bishop did not live in Novocherkassk, but in the city of Shakhty, where he was arrested), then until 1932 the diocese did not have ruling or vicar bishops. On May 13, 1932, Simeon (Mikhailov) was appointed Bishop of Kamensky, vicar of D. and N. E., and in June of the same year he was transferred to the ruling bishop of the Sarapul diocese. His successor at the Kamensky victoria became on August 11. 1932 Vladimir (Gorkovsky) with the right to manage D. and N. e. However, already on October 23. In the same year, Alexander (Raevsky) was appointed administrator of the Don diocese with the title “Bishop of Kamensk-Shakhtinsky”. After his transfer on February 16. In 1933, Vic became the temporary manager of the Baku diocese. Rostov diocese, Taganrog bishop. Joseph (Chernov). Ep. Joseph was arrested in Jan. 1935, and from that time D. and N. E. no longer had either ruling or vicar bishops. In 1935, bishop. Anthony (Romanovsky) was appointed to the Stavropol department with the title “Stavropol, Don and Stalingrad”. In the 40s the main territory of D. and N. E. became part of the Rostov-on-Don diocese and the Stalingrad diocese (see Volgograd and Kamyshin diocese).