Holy Righteous John of Kronstadt helps people not so long ago, in comparison with many other revered and canonized heavenly intercessors. This man lived at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. This means that prayers have been addressed to him for less than a hundred years. But despite such a short period of time since his canonization, the saint is highly revered among believers, and it is generally accepted that he does not leave anyone who turns to him without help.
However, John of Kronstadt is known not only as a heavenly patron saint and intercessor. Prophecies are what made this man famous. During his lifetime, the future saint was famous for his extraordinary foresight. Those who communicated with him claimed that next to the priest they felt the grace and strength emanating from him. John predicted many events that have already happened. His prophecies are coming true before our eyes these days, so we need to take them extremely seriously.
About family and study
John of Kronstadt, whose prophecies are known to almost every person today, was born on October 19 (old style) 1829 in the family of a clergyman. The father of the future saint, Ilya Mikhailovich Sergiev, served as a sexton in the St. Nicholas Church in the village of Sura. This village is located near Arkhangelsk. John's father was not the only clergyman in the family. The grandfathers of the future saint also worked in God’s churches.
The family did not live particularly richly. However, this did not prevent John from entering the parish school of Arkhangelsk in 1839. He completed his studies, as they would say now, with honors. Then they said - the first student. After this, it was the turn of the Arkhangelsk Theological Seminary. Her future saint graduated as a second student, that is, not an excellent student. This happened in 1851.
That same year, a talented, diligent and intelligent young man was sent to study at public expense in the capital, St. Petersburg. Thus, John found himself in a city that played a significant role in his fate. The future saint left the Theological Academy of St. Petersburg in 1855. He completed his studies with a candidate's degree in theology. The dissertation that John defended was devoted to the topic of Old Believers.
Healings through objects
For some healings, John of Kronstadt used a variety of third-party objects, into which he invested the power of his prayer and healing potential. Such items could be any thing that was at hand. So, driving through the Gutu station, Father John at a stop met the station manager, who begged him for help to his wife, who had been suffering in childbirth for 4 days. The elder crossed the pillow with prayer and gave it to the man. When this pillow reached the woman in labor, she immediately and successfully gave birth to a baby.
Kronstadtsky used objects with healing powers in those cases when people came to ask for the sick. The husband of a woman with inflammation of the peritoneum received from the elder a rose from a bouquet on the table in his office. Having brought her home, the husband saw how, literally before his eyes, his beloved wife recovered. This same woman later also found herself in a severe fever, and her husband again came to ask Father John for her. This time, while having a meal, the elder gave him an apple, which cured the woman.
The handkerchief of Father John, sent to one sick person, was passed on by believers and sufferers to each other with hopes of healing. In this way, the elder’s handkerchief healed more than a hundred people.
About the beginning of ministry
During his studies, John planned to become a monk. This man's motivation for tonsure was extremely unusual. He wanted to conduct missionary activities, talk about Christ and convert the “wild people” of Siberia and America. But he changed his mind and remained in the capital, and was soon sent to serve in Kronstadt.
The moment of the beginning of his ministry is quite curious, since the reasons why John did not become a missionary are not known for certain. There are two versions of this, both stemming from sayings and journal entries by the priest himself.
The first says that while living in the capital, the future saint realized that people here know no more about Christ than the wild peoples living somewhere on the edge of the earth. And no less than savages, they need spiritual guidance.
The second version says that John of Kronstadt made a decision under the influence of a vision. The prophecies of the future saint, according to this version, originate precisely from this event, which happened during his years of study at the capital’s academy. John saw himself in solemn church vestments, serving in St. Andrew's Church in Kronstadt.
Be that as it may, after his ordination the future saint was sent specifically to Kronstadt. In 1855, in the capital, in the Peter and Paul Cathedral, he was ordained a deacon, and only a couple of days later he was ordained a priest of St. Andrew’s Cathedral in Kronstadt. John was 26 years old at that moment. He served in the cathedral until his death.
A little biography
Born into a sexton's family, Ivan was close to church and worship from early childhood. Having entered the Arkhangelsk parish school, he had difficulty mastering the sciences. Consolation was in prayer. During one of which, the boy seemed to have a shock. From that day on, he became an excellent student, entered the Seminary, and then the Theological Academy of St. Petersburg.
An image came to young John in a dream - he was a priest in one of the churches of Kronstadt, a city where he had never been before. It is believed that this was the first providence of the Holy One, because the dream came true. John received a proposal for marriage with the daughter of the priest of the Kronstadt Cathedral, Elizabeth.
The interesting thing is that throughout their lives they never truly became spouses, “took on the feat of virginity,” so to speak. Moreover, this was the decision exclusively of John of Kronstadt. His wife tried to challenge her husband’s decision, but it didn’t work out. Nevertheless, she remained close to the end of his days and became a spiritual sister for John. Accordingly, the couple did not have their own children, but they raised Elizabeth’s sisters.
John traveled all over Russia preaching, introducing people to true life in God. He not only served, his soul was filled with love for what he did. This was noticeable to everyone. Thousands and tens of thousands of people came from afar to watch the divine service of St. John.
About gaining fame
All-Russian fame came to John during his lifetime. The first case of a miraculous recovery that occurred through the prayer of this priest occurred in 1867, on February 19. The date is known for certain thanks to John’s diary, in which he left a note of gratitude corresponding to the event.
This entry speaks of healing by the laying on of hands through prayer to the Lord of the youth Kostylev. Unfortunately, there are no church or medical records about what the boy was ill with or what he suffered from. Doctors, in principle, were absent in Kronstadt in the sense that modern people have. The city itself, at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, was a place of deportation for all sorts of rabble. Troubled people who led an antisocial lifestyle and thereby disturbed the peace of society, but who did not commit any crime, were sent here from the capital. That is, the priest’s flock included single mothers, drunkards, laborers, tramps and others. Of course, there were people of other social classes in Kronstadt, but the lower classes represented the overwhelming majority. And it was precisely these people that the future saint gave all his time, helping them in everything, for example, he could stay with the children while their mothers worked in the laundry.
In 1883, one of the capital’s newspapers, called “New Time,” published a “Statement of Gratitude” on behalf of a number of private individuals. It told about the activities of the priest, his spiritual strength, and the grace descending through the prayers of John. In modern terms, after this publication John “woke up famous.”
By the 90s of the last century, the priest’s fame had reached such proportions that no matter where he came, he was always greeted by crowds of people. What is curious is the behavior of those greeting us. It was more reminiscent of the behavior of modern admirers of popular artists than of parishioners in need of help. For example, when visiting Riga, the priest almost died, and his cassock was literally torn to pieces. Each of the crowd wanted to “grab a piece for themselves.” Annual visits to his homeland, to the village of Sura, were invariably accompanied by crowds of thousands. This resulted in John being unable to visit his home as ordinary people do. His trips required special measures to ensure the safety of the clergy.
But such popularity had not only a negative side. They began to donate significant amounts of money to John, which, of course, went to charity. There is not a single reason to doubt the priest’s selflessness. After his death, there was no will or money left.
John of Kronstadt heals from a distance
The power of Father John’s prayer was so great that the elder could heal people at a distance, through calls, telegrams, and letters.
During the heyday of the cholera epidemic in Novomoskovsk, at the request of the rabbi, a telegram was sent to Father John asking him to pray for the salvation of the city’s population. As soon as the answer was received from the elder, the epidemic miraculously stopped. Such distant healings had one common feature: it was at the moment of receiving a reply letter, call or telegram that the sick person’s illness miraculously disappeared.
People especially often turned to the righteous elder with the help of telegrams. Through the fast method of communication at that time, John of Kronstadt could cure severe illnesses. The boy, who was suffering from typhoid fever, recovered precisely through such a distant prayer from the elder.
A girl with a hopeless diagnosis and an advanced form of pneumonia was already close to death: doctors recorded the complete death of one lung and the gradual fading of the heart muscles. By sending a telegram to Kronstadt, the parents saved their daughter, who within 24 hours was in a state as if she had not been ill at all. This case caused incredible surprise among doctors, since they could not find an explanation for it.
Father John healed children in absentia from smallpox, blood poisoning, diphtheria, scarlet fever, measles, tuberculosis, kidney disease and congenital pathologies. Most of these healings occurred only through prayer.
About canonization
The canonization of John by the Russian Orthodox Church took place in 1990 among the righteous. However, this does not at all mean that righteous John of Kronstadt has been revered as a holy saint only since the 90s of the last century. This man was canonized by the Russian Orthodox Church abroad in 1964. The veneration of the priest began much earlier.
Even during his lifetime, John was perceived by people as:
- miracle worker;
- prayer book - a person who asks the Lord for others, whose appeal has special power;
- mentor;
- seer
What is curious is that during his lifetime John of Kronstadt was never called a prophet. His prophecies gained significance many years after his death. He was often called a seer, that is, a person who has a special gift that allows him to see through people or some events - both past, present or future.
According to the definition of the Holy Synod of January 15, 1909, it was prescribed to perform an annual prayerful commemoration of John of Kronstadt. The Synod of Bishops of the Russian Church Abroad in October 1929 ordered a special liturgy to be held in connection with the centenary of John of Kronstadt. For the first time, the question of canonization was raised in the middle of the last century, in 1950. This happened in the United States, and the initiator was Apollo Sollogub, a layman and public figure with great authority in the Russian community.
Prayer three
O great servant of Christ, holy and righteous Father John of Kronstadt, wondrous shepherd, quick helper and merciful representative! Raising praise to the Triune God, you prayerfully cried out: Your name is Love: do not reject me, the erring one. Your name is Strength: strengthen me, who is weak and falling. Your name is Light: enlighten my soul, darkened by worldly passions. Your name is Peace: pacify my restless soul. Your name is Mercy: do not cease to have mercy on me. Now, grateful to your intercession, the all-Russian flock prays to you: Christ-named and righteous servant of God! With your love, illumine us, sinners and weaklings, grant us the ability to bear worthy fruits of repentance and to partake of the Holy Mysteries of Christ without condemnation. By your power, strengthen our faith in us, support us in prayer, heal ailments and illnesses, deliver us from misfortunes, enemies, visible and invisible. With the light of your face, incite the servants and primates of the Altar of Christ to holy deeds of pastoral work, grant education to an infant, instruct youth, support old age, illuminate the shrines of churches and holy abodes! Die, most miraculous and visionary, the peoples of our country, by the grace and gift of the Holy Spirit, deliver from internecine warfare, gather the scattered, deceived converts and unite the Holy Catholic and Apostolic Church. By your grace, preserve marriage in peace and unanimity, grant prosperity and blessings to monastics in good deeds, give comfort to the faint-hearted, freedom to those suffering from unclean spirits, have mercy in the needs and circumstances of our lives, and guide us all on the path of salvation. In Christ living, our Father John, lead us to the Everlasting Light of eternal life, so that with you we may be worthy of eternal bliss, praising and exalting God forever and ever. Amen.
On the attitude towards prophecies
It is not known whether the priest himself considered himself a prophet. However, it has been established for certain thanks to the entries in John’s diary that he took dreams extremely seriously. The priest considered them important, giving the following meanings:
- temptations;
- evidence of sin, tolerance;
- teachings;
- prophecies;
- denunciation of something.
A note about a dream made in October 1908 is curious. John describes how he dreamed of live pigs wrapped in dough. The priest understands the meaning of the dream as a denunciation of gluttony. In his diary he writes: “These pigs are you, glutton.”
John did not leave direct prophecies; this term refers to his reasoning and understanding of the visions, their description.
About the book “My Life in Christ” and other works
During the life of John of Kronstadt, many of his works were published, more than fifteen, taking into account individual short addresses, for example, a response to Count Tolstoy and spiritual texts, such as akathists.
The most famous of all the works authored by John of Kronstadt, “My Life in Christ” is a book that examines a number of philosophical and spiritual issues related to the spiritual development of the individual. The full original title of this work is “My life in Christ, or minutes of spiritual sobriety and contemplation, reverent feelings, spiritual correction and peace in God.” The title reflects everything that John of Kronstadt talks about in this work. “My life in Christ” defines the Lord as a creative and life-giving Thought. John argues that his contemporaries offer empty prayers, not having even the slightest idea of Christianity in their hearts. The priest expresses concern that through such indifferent prayers people may lose Christianity as a whole and lose their understanding of it.
This book is the main work of John of Kronstadt, but does not contain prophecies. Although many researchers draw logical connections between the assessment of the level of spirituality of the priest’s contemporaries with the separation of Church and state that occurred after the revolution. Considering that John did not leave direct prophecies, such as in the works of Nostradamus, it is quite possible that there is some truth in these interpretations.
The first drafts of this book date back to 1863, and this two-volume work was first published in 1894. The book was reprinted several times and was very popular.
Real examples of miracles
In the Ioannovsky Monastery, a record of modern miracles of the Kronstadt shepherd is kept.
This is help in everyday affairs, spiritual support. But the healings are especially numerous.
Healing Cancer
In 1990, Valentina, who lived next to the monastery, was diagnosed with stage 4 cancer. The patient was discharged home. In search of consolation, she came to the monastery. The journey took an hour and a half, the patient was so weak.
The priest told her about the need for confession and Communion. The woman began to go to the monastery every day, prepare for death, and comprehend life. And after a month of such spiritual work, doctors stated “spontaneous remission.” The disease is gone.
Healing burns
In 1993, oil from the tomb of St. John, the boy Victor, dying of burns, was healed. A week after the anointing, he was completely healthy. Later it turned out that Vitya’s great-grandfather served as a deacon together with John of Kronstadt. The miracle converted the boy's father to faith, and he was baptized.
About prophecies about the future of Russia
John of Kronstadt did not leave a prophecy about Russia as such. Various statements of the priest, pronounced both during sermons and to the world, are perceived as predictions.
“Return, Russia, to your holy, immaculate, saving, victorious faith and to the Holy Church - your mother - and you will be victorious and glorious, as in the old believing times,” said Priest John.
During the life of the clergyman, no one took this passage from the sermon as a prediction. Skeptics even today argue that we are talking only about the situation in society that developed at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries.
However, other predictions of John of Kronstadt about the future of Russia are beyond doubt. For example, he described such a phenomenon as freedom of religion. He spoke about Christians who have forgotten about their traditional culture and are absorbing someone else’s, but taking from it not the best, but the worst. He spoke about rampant arbitrariness and heresy. About people who do not have a spiritual core at all, but behave according to circumstances, change their identities, and are hypocrites. He spoke about pastors leading people away from a true understanding of the essence of Christianity, about idolatry, and about how the issue of “wallet” will exceed other values. What is this if not a description of the state of the country at the time of the collapse of the Soviet Union? He also spoke about the grinding of people and their egoism, about the desire to boast and flaunt material wealth.
However, John of Kronstadt’s vision of the future of Russia and the world is not hopeless. The priest argued that revival is inevitable, and people will turn to the Lord, return to the destroyed churches and begin to regain spirituality. Moreover, these statements related to the situation in the world in general, and not just to what will happen within Russia. The priest spoke simply about his country: “I foresee the restoration of a powerful Russia, even stronger and more powerful. On the bones of the martyrs, as on a strong foundation, a new Rus' will be erected.”
Saint's Help Today
Icon of St. John of Kronstadt
In 1994, an emergency happened in a maternity hospital. Several newborn babies came down with a high fever and began to quickly lose weight from dehydration. Then one of the mothers sent her husband to the monastery to ask the priests to pray to Righteous John of Kronstadt. The next morning, during her rounds, the doctor was surprised to tell the mothers that the temperature and weight of all the babies had returned to normal and that they would now be brought in for feeding.
In 2012, one woman’s elderly mother-in-law was admitted to the hospital with a serious complication of her illness. The elderly lady's leg turned black from gangrene, and the doctors were about to amputate it to save her life. Then the daughter-in-law went to the Ioannovsky Monastery to the grave of St. John and began to pray to him for a miracle. Soon the doctors called the family and said they had made a mistake about gangrene, and the huge bruise on the leg began to subside.
In 1990, during an operation to remove a stone from the gallbladder, the woman being operated on was diagnosed with advanced and inoperable liver cancer. At this time, the mother of two children was only 46 years old. The woman began to come to the Ioannovsky Monastery, partake of the Holy Mysteries and ask for healing at the grave of the Kronstadt Wonderworker. In 1991, ultrasound stopped showing any liver damage. The doctors were amazed.
In 1993, through prayer to St. John, a resident of Ukraine who had suffered from a nasopharyngeal disease for 12 years was healed. She was scheduled for three operations and was not promised a complete recovery. Then she sent a letter to the Ioannovsky Monastery, asking her to read a prayer at the relics of the saint, and after some time she found herself healed.
Holy Righteous John of Kronstadt always said that prayer must certainly be done with faith in God’s help. The miracle worker argued that anyone who doubts the love of the Almighty for himself will never receive what he asks for, since he has offended the Lord with his unbelief. Let us today, together with the Church, turn with deep faith to Saint Righteous John of Kronstadt, and he will ask the All-Merciful God for help for us! Order a prayer service at the relics of Saint John of Kronstadt now:
Before St. with the relics of John of Kronstadt 40 prayers:
About prophecies about the end of the world
The prophecies of John of Kronstadt about the last times are a topic of debate among modern theologians, philosophers and other people who are not indifferent to this issue. To clarify why this topic is controversial, it should be noted that prophecies about the end of the world refer to the text of a book called “On the beginning and end of our earthly world. Experience of revealing the prophecies of the Apocalypse."
This is not a prophecy of John of Kronstadt about the Apocalypse; the book makes no mention of when and how exactly the days of humanity will end. This is neither a decipherment of the text of the Bible, nor an interpretation of the Gospel of Matthew, which the priest loved to quote in his sermons. This work is a reflection on what is happening to people, the state, the authorities, and that religion and science do not oppose, do not compete in the struggle for the human mind, moreover, the tenets of faith do not at all contradict the discoveries of scientists.
The book examines the theories of Kant, Laps and others. Analogies are drawn, and very convincing ones at that. For example, the “utter darkness” described in ancient texts, according to this book, is nothing more than the black space surrounding the Earth.
John of Kronstadt did not literally make prophecies about the end of the world. When people talk about such a prediction, they mean the book’s reflection on what the end of times described in the Bible might be like. The sacred ancient texts speak of a fiery catastrophe. John of Kronstadt connects this description with the probability of a collision of the planet with some cosmic body, for example, with a comet. And other signs of the end of the world - with the consequences of this disaster. The clergyman was not an astronomer or physicist, and he wrote his book at a time when even science fiction writers had not yet imagined the possibility of space flights. Therefore, this work truly has prophetic content.
Prayer to Saint Righteous John of Kronstadt
O great wonderworker and wonderful servant of God, God-bearing Father John! Look at us and listen compassionately to our prayer, for the Lord has vouchsafed you great gifts, so that you may become an intercessor and constant prayer-book for us. Behold, we are overwhelmed by sinful passions and consumed by malice, we have neglected the commandments of God, we have not brought heartfelt repentance and tears of sighing, for this reason we are worthy of appearing through many sorrows and sorrows.
But you, righteous father, having great boldness towards the Lord and compassion for your neighbors, beg the All-Bountiful Lord of the world to add His mercy to us and tolerate our iniquities, not to destroy us for our sin, but to mercifully grant us time for repentance.
O Saint of God, help us to immaculately observe the Orthodox faith and piously preserve the commandments of God, so that all iniquity may not possess us, the Truth of God will be put to shame in our untruths, but may we be honored to achieve a Christian death, painless, shameless, peaceful and partakers of the Mysteries of God.
We also pray to you, righteous father, for the hedgehog of our Holy Church to be established until the end of time, and ask for peace and abiding for our Fatherland, save us from all evils, so that our people, preserved by God, are in unanimity of faith and in all piety and purity, in the beauty of spiritual brotherhood, sobriety and harmony testify: that God is with us! In Him we move and are, and will remain forever. Amen.
You have read the article Holy Righteous John of Kronstadt. You can learn more about the actions of the saint by reading other articles:
- Books of Saint John of Kronstadt
Did the priest predict the revolution?
This is an extremely difficult question. On the one hand, every word in a sermon or entry in a diary can be interpreted as a prophetic vision of John of Kronstadt. The year 1908, which marked the peak of preaching activity, was extremely specific. As his contemporaries described it: something terrible was in the air, it was palpable. In nature, a similar phenomenon can be observed before the start of a thunderstorm.
In the year of his death, John spoke a lot about the fate of the country, about the weak will of the authorities, about weakness in the localities, spiritual poverty and other similar concepts. And he also talked about where what is happening in society will lead the state and the people. John talked about freedom and what it is. He spoke about the difference between true freedom and arbitrariness, anarchy, and confusion. There is indeed something in his writings and speeches that can be considered a prediction of the revolution.
But on the other hand, many people spoke about the inevitability of a social explosion between 1905 and 1917. The priest did not leave a direct prophetic text. However, his description of the inevitable, which is not difficult to find in any of the sermons of 1908, in the Life, based on diary entries, very accurately describes the revolution and its consequences. Although there is no mention of the removal of crosses, the looting of churches, the civil war and other details.
Miracles
His miracles extend much further than predictions. His blessing concerned not only souls, but also bodies. True, only those cases are officially documented when a person was healed after praying to John of Kronstadt, or at his icons. Let's look at some of the most famous cases.
In the spring of 1994, an emergency occurred in one of the maternity hospitals, where a parishioner of the Ioannovsky Monastery was lying. The fact is that six newborns developed a high temperature, which could not be brought down. The kids were feverish, so they were placed under constant observation. The parishioner could not find a place for herself and on the second day of waiting she asked her husband to go to the spiritual superior. Ask him to pray to the saint for the newborn. Already on the third day, the doctor came out to the mothers and said that the situation had returned to normal, all the children would soon return to normal. And he told the parishioner that some kind of mistake had happened to her child, because the baby was absolutely healthy. He was soon returned to his mother.
They also often turn to him for help if they are unable to comprehend science. And this is understandable, considering that John had the same situation in childhood.
The same thing happened to one devout family. For a long time, my son struggled with learning languages, both native and foreign. Grandmother, seeing this, went to church and prayed to the holy man for a long time, begging for help. A few days later, my son showed the first shoots of understanding. Studying began to be easier, and he soon became the first expert in his class. It would seem - why did the saint help in the study of foreign languages, when all his life he advocated for reducing the influence of foreigners? And the answer is very simple, because knowing a language does not mean succumbing to it. On the contrary, it is impossible to protect your culture from others if you do not fully understand them.
Where and what should I pray to John?
The most famous temple of John of Kronstadt is located in St. Petersburg, in the Kirov region. This is a very interesting place. Construction of a small church began in 1990. The temple is small and surprisingly bright; as parishioners note, there is not a single shaded area in it. Despite the fact that the church building was built relatively recently, there are many believers in its hall, and the atmosphere is imbued with special energy.
Another famous temple of John of Kronstadt is located in the saint’s homeland, in the village of Sura near Arkhangelsk, within the walls of a local convent. In Moscow, churches are located in Cheryomushki, Domodedovo, Mytishchi, and on Kronstadt Boulevard. Quite a lot of churches were built in his honor throughout Russia and abroad, including Kyiv, Hamburg, and San Diego.
The relics of the saint are located in St. Petersburg, in the Ioannovsky Monastery, on the embankment of the Karpovka River. As for prayers, it is customary to turn to John with requests for:
- recovery;
- distraction from drunkenness and drug addiction;
- getting rid of poverty;
- sending down prophetic dreams.
Of course, this does not mean that they do not pray to the saint for other needs. John of Kronstadt helps everyone who turns to him with sincere faith and hope for a solution to life’s problems.
last years of life
Father John was called to the bedside of the dying Emperor Alexander III. He confessed, gave communion to the king and was with him until his death.
In 1901, Father John founded a convent in St. Petersburg on the Karpovka River. It is named Ioannovsky in honor of its saint, John of Rila. One of the churches, at the request of the priest, was consecrated in honor of his saintly parents.
In 1904, the priest was called to pray to the sick. He had a premonition of how this would end. As he entered the house, the doors were locked behind him, a fuss and groans were heard from the priest. When the doors were broken open, Father John was severely wounded, covered in blood. He was stabbed multiple times in the groin area. Father did not order the offenders to be punished; he did not tell anyone who it was.
For the last three years of his life, Father John suffered greatly from illness. But he continued to serve, his last service was in December 1908. After that, the priest fell ill and never got up. Every day the priests went to give him communion.
Two weeks later, Father John died. His body was laid in the Ioannovsky Monastery in a church in honor of his holy parents. People went to his grave, where they received the fulfillment of their requests. During the years of Soviet power, the relics were walled up in the basement, but believers painted a cross on this place and continued to worship.
In 1990, Father John was canonized as a righteous saint.
Days of remembrance of St. John of Kronstadt:
- January 2;
- June 14;
- Nov. 1.
To this day, miracles are performed through prayers to this saint.
Life of John of Kronstadt
